| This experiment aims to explore the effect of different balance mode of trace element including copper(Cu),iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn)in corn-soybean meal type practical diets on growth performance,blood biochemical indicators,slaughter indices,meat quality,tissue mineral element contents,tibia development,so as to determine the optimum trace element supplemental mode and improve the trace element utilization for broilers.A total of 300 1-day-old AA broiler chicks were assigned to 5 groups,and each group contained 6 replicate cages and 10 chicks each replicate according to completely randomized trial design.The modes of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented as follows: in group 1,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented as inorganic salts according the recommendation of Chinese Feeding Standard of Chicken(2004)after subtracting the available elements in basal diet.In group 2,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented at same levels with group 1 as organic compounds.In group 3,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented at 70% levels of group 2 as organic compounds.In group 4,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented at the levels recommended by Chinese Feeding Standard of Chicken(2004)as organic compounds.In group 5,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn were supplemented at the same levels in group 4 as inorganic salts.The trial lasted for 42 days.The results showed that:(1)Mode of trace element did not affect growth performance of broilers during 1to 21 days of age,but affected the growth performance during 22 to 42 or 1 to 42 days of age(P < 0.10),in which the daily feed intake and daily gain in group 3 were lower than those in other groups(P < 0.10),and the daily gain in group 2 was higher than that in group 5(P < 0.10).(2)Mode of trace element affected contents of MDA,TG,SOD and GOT in serum at 21 days of age(P < 0.10),in which the SOD activities in the four groups were higher than that in group 5(P < 0.10),and the contents of MDA were lower than that in group 5(P < 0.10).Except for group 3,the TG contents and GOT activities in the other three groups were lower than those of the group 5(P < 0.10),and no differences in the above mentioned two indices were found between group 3 and 5 or among the other three groups(P > 0.10).Mode of trace element affected serum MDA content and SOD activity at 42 days of age(P < 0.10),in which the MDA content in group 1 was higher than that in other groups except for group 3(P < 0.10),and no differences in MDA content were observed among other groups(P > 0.10).The GOT activities in group 2 and 4 were lower than that of group 5(P < 0.10),and no differences in GOT activity were showed among group 1,3 and 5(P > 0.10).(3)Mode of trace element affected abdominal fat rate,liver index,bursa index and thymus index(P < 0.10),in which the abdominal fat rates in group 2,3 and 4were lower than that of group 5(P < 0.10).The liver index of group 1 was lower than that of group 4(P < 0.10),and no differences in liver index were found among the other four groups(P > 0.10).The thymus indices of group 2 and 4 were higher than those of group 5 and the other two groups(P < 0.10),and the bursa indices of group 2and 4 were also higher than those of group 1 and 3(P < 0.10).(4)Mode of trace element affected drip loss and a* value of breast muscle(P <0.10),in which the drip losses in group 2 and 4 were lower than those of the other three groups(P < 0.10),and the group 1 had the highest value of drip losses(P <0.10);The a* values in group 2 and 4 were higher than those of the other three groups(P < 0.10),but no differences in a* value were observed among the other three groups(P > 0.10).Mode of trace element affected drip loss,a* value and b* value of thigh muscle(P < 0.10),in which the drip loss and b* value of group 1 were not different from those of group 5(P > 0.10),the above mentioned two values of the other three groups were lower than those of group 5(P < 0.10).The a* value of group 2 was higher than that of the other three groups except for group 3(P < 0.10).(5)Mode of trace element affected the contents of Ca,Fe and Zn in tibia(P <0.10),in which the calcium content in group 2 was higher than that in the other groups(P < 0.10),and group 1 had the lowest calcium content(P < 0.10);The iron and zinc contents of tibia in group 2 and 4 were higher than those in the other three groups(P < 0.10),and no differences in iron and zinc contents were discovered between group 2 and 4 or among the other three groups(P > 0.10).Mode of trace element affected the Fe,Cu and Zn contents of liver(P < 0.10),in which the contents of the above mentioned three elements in group 2 and 4 were higher than those in the other three groups(P < 0.10).(6)Mode of trace element affected the tibial mineral density and bone strength(P < 0.10),in which the bone mineral densities of group 2,3 and 4 were higher than those of the other two groups(P < 0.10);The tibial strengthes of group 2 and 4 were higher than those of the other three groups(P < 0.10),and no differences in tibial strength were showed among the other three groups(P > 0.10).In conclusion,broilers in group 2 showed the best performance in growth,antioxidant,carcass parameters,meat quality,and element deposition.Therefore,the optimum trace element addition mode of Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn was 4.6,58.9,114.6 and87.1 mg/kg for 1 to 21 days of age,and 4.9,42.5,95.2 and 67.8 mg/kg for 22 to 42 days of age,respectively. |
PDF Full Text Request