| China’s wild edible and medicinal fungi are diverse,rich in resources and widely distributed.The production of wild edible and medicinal fungi is not high and it is difficult to collect in large quantities.Due to the deterioration of the environment,the yield and quality of edible and medicinal fungi growing in the wild are greatly disadvantaged.And with the improvement of people’s living standards,the daily needs of ordinary people have changed from eating and wearing clothes to how to eat well.The concept of a healthy eating life has changed,and people have turned more attention to the nutritional value of food.Demand for the taste and nutrition of wild edible and medicinal fungi is increasing,because the demand for wild edible and medicinal fungi in the entire market is increasing,and wild edible and medicinal fungi are more and more concerned by the market and researchers The development prospects are very impressive.Therefore,researchers actively participate in the research on artificial domestication and cultivation of wild edible medicinal fungi to meet market demand.Artificial domestication of wild edible and medicinal bacteria will greatly improve this demand gap.Studying mature domesticated cultivation formulas for mass production will make the taste of wild fungi even more,and will become one of the research directions of wild edible and medicinal fungi.In this paper,three wild edible and medicinal fungi were domesticated and cultivated,including two kinds of Ganoderma lucidum,two kinds of Ganoderma lucidum from Italy(Ganoderma resinaceum)and Guangdong(Ganoderma sessile);Xylaria hypoxylon.Successfully domesticated and compared the differences between the biological characteristics and domestication of wild Ganoderma lucidum in two different countries and regions,so that subsequent researchers can better understand the domestication of Ganoderma lucidum,and the fruit bodies artificially domesticated are significantly less bitter than wild fruit bodies.light.The black ears collected from the wild in Tibet were isolated and purified.For the first time,pure artificial uncovered soil was domesticated and cultivated for Xylaria hypoxylon isolated from black ears.To study the biological characteristics and domestication cultivation of C.ascension isolated from the black ears collected in the wild in Tibet.1.Two wild Ganodermas have been collected from Italy and Guangdong Province of China.The biological characteristics of the two wild Ganoderma resinaceum have been comparatively studied and domesticated successfully.The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of Ganoderma resinaceum from Italy was 25 ℃,the optimum p H was 6,The most suitable carbon source was maltose,the most suitable nitrogen source was Beef extract.The optimum growth temperature of Ganoderma resinaceum from China was 28 ℃,the optimum p H was 5.5,the most suitable carbon source is maltose,the most suitable nitrogen source is Yeast extract.The domesticated wild Ganoderma resinaceum fruiting body formed later than Ganoderma sessile.The individual is heavier than Ganoderma sessile.The cap is kidney-shaped,the stalk is thick and short,49.70 mm long,and the diameter is 28.42 mm.The round,domesticated and cultivated Ganoderma sessile stalk has a slender,147.59 mm long and 9.22 mm diameter.Under experimental conditions,the average yield of acclimated Ganoderma resinaceum first tidal mushroom was 0.316 kg,per package,and the biological efficiency was more than 105%.The average yield of acclimated Ganoderma sessile first tidal mushroom was 0.243 kg,per package,and the biological efficiency was over81%.At the same time,the overall performance and price of domesticated fruiting bodies were better than those of wild Ganoderma spp.fruiting bodies,and the bitterness was not obvious.2.Exidia sp.collected in the field were separated by tissues to obtain bacterial strains.The fruiting bodies produced by cultivation were observed through external morphological characteristics and microstructure to measure the morphological characteristics,size,microstructure shape and size of the fruiting bodies;The DNA of mycelium and cultivated fruiting bodies was sequenced by ITS sequence,and the obtained ITS sequence was compared by Blast sequence through Gen Bank,with emphasis on aligning sequences with a sequence similarity of more than 98%.Therefore,based on the comparison of the macroscopic morphology,microstructure,molecular sequence comparison results and phylogenetic tree clustering analysis of the cultivated fruiting bodies,the strain and cultivated fruiting bodies were identified as Xylaria hypoxylon(L.)Grev.3.The biological characteristics of Xylaria hypoxylon isolated from Exidia sp.collected from Tibet plateau were studied.The spawn of Xylaria hypoxylon was isolated by tissue isolation from Exidia sp.And it was identified by morphological and molecular methods.Its biological characteristics were studied by solid media and broadleaf sawdust in the bags.The results showed that fructose,yeast extract,p H 6.0and 23℃ could be used as the optimum growth factors for fermentation.Domestication and cultivation studies have shown that the mycelium was cultured in a dark environment at 25 °C.Mycelium A was covered with hyphae for 15 days and Mycelium B was covered with hyphae for 25 days.The spawn of Xylaria hypoxylon can grow in most broadleaf sawdusts.The average growth rate of the mycelium in bag A is 0.87cm/d,which is much higher than that of bag B.It will cost fifteen and twenty five days separately to cultivate by broadleaf sawdust when bags "A" and bags "B" are full of mycelia.Then the mycelia will become dark gradually after fifteen to twenty days later.The primordium will appear after twenty-five to thirty-five days later after the bags becoming darkness completely.And then the fruiting bodies could be harvested for the first time after ten days.The fruiting bodies produced by cultivation are mostly clusters or clusters,solitary.When the primordium is young,the young fruiting bodies are mostly pink and dilute white at the top,and yellow-brown water droplets are often attached to the surface.After maturity,the fruiting body differentiates into two distinct parts,the lower sterile part is black,the upper fertile part is silvery white,silvery gray and brown.The mature cultivated fruiting body is 10 ～ 20 cm high,the black sterile seat part is 4 ～ 6cm,and the upper fertile part is 5 ～ 15 cm.The average fresh weight of the first pack of Fungi A is 11.002 g,and the biological efficiency is 9.18%.The average fresh weight of the first pack of Fungus B is 11.014 g,and the biological efficiency is9.13%.The difference in fresh weight and biological efficiency of the fruit bodies cultivated by the fungus bale and the unpunched fungus bait was not obvious.The results of domestication cultivation experiments showed that the growth cycle of the mycelium hyphae after punching was shorter than that of the ordinary mycelia,and the difference in other aspects was not obvious.Xylaria hypoxylon collected from Exidia sp.has been cultivated without casing for the first time.Its biological characteristics have been investigated clearly.Thus this species could be utilized and developed in the future. |
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