| Objective and significance: urolithiasis in dogs and cats is one of the most common diseases in clinic.Urinary calculi are caused by urinary tract infection or abnormal metabolism caused by salt crystallization in urine,and gradually increase into particles.According to the location of stone,it can be divided into kidney stone,ureteral stone,bladder stone and urethral stone.The main purpose of this epidemiological investigation was to study the incidence regularity and characteristics of urolithiasis in dogs and cats,including the different sites of urolithiasis and the relationship between different ages,breeds,regions,environment,sex and the incidence of urolithiasis in dogs and cats.The purpose of prescription diet study was to study the effect of Calibra urinary tract prescription on the treatment of cat urolithiasis in dogs.The significance of this epidemiological investigation is to provide some reference for the study of urinary system of small animals in China,and to provide some evidence for the clinical treatment and prevention of canine cat urolithiasis.The significance of prescription food research is to provide some help for the treatment of canine and cat urolithiasis,reduce unnecessary surgery for small animals,and also help Chinese pet owners to improve the quality of pet care.Survey methods: this is through the distribution of questionnaires,telephone,visits,We Chat groups and other methods to investigate the 25 pet hospitals selected by cities in the north and south of the country.Five pet hospitals were selected from Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Chongqing and Shenyang to investigate the cases of urolithiasis in dogs and cats from July 2018 to April 2019.Results: a total of 141 dogs with urolithiasis were treated during the investigation period.The results showed that: 1)the incidence of urolithiasis in northern cities was slightly higher than that in southern cities.2)the incidence of bladder stone,urethral stone,ureteral stone and renal stone was 45.4%,43.3%,6.4% and 4.9%,respectively.3)the incidence of urolithiasis in dogs <2 years old,2-4 years old,4-6 years old,6-8 years old and >8 years old was 4.3%,36.9%,27.0%,17.7% and 14.1%,respectively.4)the incidence of urolithiasis in male and female was 58.2% and 41.8%,respectively.In dogs,renal calculi,ureteral calculi and urethral calculi in males were higher than those in females.5)the largest number of urolithiasis dogs was 18 Teddy and Poodle,accounting for 12.77%,and the number of other breeds of dogs was mainly between 2-7,and the highest was 5 of the total number of urolithiasis dogs was Teddy and Poodle,accounting for 12.77%.6)the number of guano stone,calcium oxalate stone and purine stone in 18 cases of canine stone were 10,7 and 1,respectively.A total of 128 cases of urolithiasis cats were investigated in this investigation.the results showed that: 1)the incidence of cat urolithiasis in northern cities was slightly higher than that in southern cities.2)the incidence of bladder stone,urethral stone,kidney stone and ureteral stone was 51.6%,44.5%,2.3% and 1.6%,respectively.3)the incidence of cat urolithiasis in <2 years old,2-4 years old,4-6 years old,6-8 years old and >8 years old was 7.8%,68.8%,14.0%,6.3% and 3.1%,respectively.4)the incidence rates of male and female were 53.1% and 46.9%,respectively.Urethral calculi and ureteral calculi in cats were higher in males than in females,while others were on the contrary.5)the highest incidence rate of British short-haired cats was 18(14.06%),that of Egyptian cats and short-haired cats was at least 2(1.56%),and that of other breeds of cats was mainly between 4 and 13.6)among the 13 cases of cat stones,9 cases of bird feces accounted for 69.2% of the total,and 4 cases of calcium oxalate stones accounted for 30.8%.Methods: 50 cases of diseased dogs and cats were selected from the investigation medical records from three aspects: the main research object,the target research object and the in-depth study object.Among the 50 dogs and 50 cats,25 of them ate Calibra urinary tract prescription food as dog / cat prescription food group,and the other 25 dogs / cats who did not eat any prescription food were dog / cat prescription food group.The main study was to detect the urine p H value of 50 dogs and 50 cats for 5 times at different time,and the target study was to detect the blood routine and serum biochemistry of 25 dogs and 25 cats who ate prescription food at different time.In-depth study was carried out on 25 dogs who ate prescription grains as the experimental group and 25 dogs who did not eat prescription grains as the control group.The results showed that: 1)the difference of urine acidification was significant in the third month(P<0.05)and in the fourth month(P<0.01).There was significant difference in the analysis of cat prescription food in the fourth month(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the degree of urine acidification between the two groups in the third month and in the fourth month(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in the degree of urine acidification between the two groups(P<0.05)and in the fourth month(P <0.01).There was a significant difference in the degree of urine acidification between the cat prescription group and the cat over-the-counter group in the fourth month(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the degree of urine acidification detected by p H in the dog / cat over-the-prescription group.2)in the blood routine of the subjects,the indexes of WBC,Lymph,Mon and Gran in 60 days were significantly lower than those in 0 days,and the differences were extremely significant(P<0.01).The indexes of),RBC,HGB and HCT in 60 days were significantly higher than those in 0 days(P<0.05).The indexes of WBC,Lymph,Mon and Gran in 60 days were significantly lower than those in 0 days,and the differences were extremely significant(P<0.01).The indexes of),RBC,HGB and HCT in 60 days were significantly higher than those in 0 days(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other indexes between dogs and cats.3)in the serum biochemistry of the subjects,the three indexes of TP,ALB and GLOB were significantly higher than those of 0 days,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).The two indexes of),BUN and CREA in 0 days were significantly higher than those in 60 days.The difference was very significant(P<0.01).The serum biochemical indexes of TP,ALB and GLOB in cats at 60 days were significantly higher than those at 0 days,and the differences were significant(P <0.05).The three indexes of),BUN,CREA and ALT at 0 days were significantly higher than those at 60 days(P<0.01).4)in-depth study of canine urine ions showed that the concentrations of Ca2+,phosphate and ammonium ions in urine had no significant effect(P <0.05).The concentrations of K+,Mg2+,oxalic acid,uric acid,citric acid and creatinine decreased significantly,while the concentrations of Na+ and Cl-in urine increased significantly.Conclusion: the epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence of urolithiasis in the north is higher than that in the south,and the incidence of urethral calculi and bladder stones in the north is higher than that in the south,and the incidence of urethral calculi and bladder stones in males is higher than that in females.The incidence of struvite was the highest in all cases.The conclusion of prescription diet is that Calibra dog / cat urinary tract prescription diet can effectively reduce the p H value of dog and cat urine,maintain the suitable p H value of urine,and prevent the formation of ion crystallization in urine.It has a significant effect in the prevention and auxiliary treatment of canine and cat urolithiasis. |
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