Research On The Space Of Tanka Settlement In Lingshui Xincun,Hainan Province

Under the background of the development strategy of building a maritime power in the new era,the excavation of Marine civilization and the protection of Marine cultural diversity have undoubtedly become the key issues.As a special aquatic people,the exploration of the sea has greatly enriched the ocean imagination outside the central plain civilization,and the long-term Marine practice has built up the unique ethnic culture of the Tanka people,which is an important force in the construction of Marine civilization in China.With the advance of urbanization,the Tanka people living along the river and sea areas have been the first to be impacted by modernization and globalization,and many unique Marine cultural phenomena have been destroyed due to the loss of the foundation and soil for development,which has greatly weakened the diversity of Marine culture.Based on this background,this paper takes the Tanka settlement in Lingshui New Village,which is located in the southeast of Hainan Island with well-preserved ethnic culture as the research object,and combines the research methods of cultural anthropology,typology and human settlement environment science to analyze the spatial characteristics of the Tanka settlement under the influence of the livelihood pattern,social structure and belief culture of the Tanka people.This paper probes into the representation and shaping function of cultural system elements in the settlement space,deeply excavates the anthropological connotation of the Tanka settlement space formation,and summarizes the continuation of the "spatial power" of the Tanka settlement space in the new village in the context of environmental changes and times changes.This paper is mainly divided into five parts: The first part is the introduction,which is a brief introduction of the research background and research object,and highlights the significance of this paper by clarifying the basic situation of previous research.The second part is a summary of the basic characteristics of the Tanka settlement space in the new village,covering the spatial elements and spatial forms of the macroscopic and meso-level settlements.The third part starts from the perspective of livelihood mode and combines with the Tanka people’s livelihood development process in the new village to analyze the spatial distribution of Tanka settlement industry,the development and evolution of spatial forms,and the composition,integration and renewal of spatial nodes.The fourth part analyzes the different types of residential Spaces formed by the Tanka people’s adaptation to the land and water environment in the new village from the perspective of social structure,and summarizes the characteristics of residential Spaces corresponding to different levels of social structure.The fifth part mainly discusses the belief culture and ritual activities of the Tanka people in the new village as well as the corresponding characteristics of the ritual space in the settlement,focusing on the interactive relationship between people and space in the ritual process.Through the analysis of the above main contents,the following conclusions are drawn: 1)The basic characteristics of the Tanka settlement space in the new village are the overall layout of the Tanka settlement space,with a street system with distinct levels,and the main public nodes are linear along the harbor.2)Influenced by the livelihood mode,the settlement industrial space is mainly divided into fishing industry space,aquaculture industry space and tourism service space,which continuously evolves and replaces in the dimension of time and space,and the settlement industrial space presents the characteristics of pluralism and compound.3)Under the influence of social structure,the residential space of settlements has a spatial hierarchy relationship of "family space--family unit--neighborhood group--ethnic settlement",which reflects the overall adaptation to the change of external living environment and the adherence to the internal family core.4)The ritual space of the settlement corresponds to the Tanka people’s multi-faith culture,including various types of ritual space including family sacrifice space,temple space and open space.The organization and utilization of the space reflects the continuation of the interaction between human and god in the spiritual place built by the Tanka people facing the different living environment on land and sea.