| After liberation,China urgently needs to establish an urban operation framework that can promote social harmony,political stability and economic growth.Thus,half a century after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,“Danwei(Work Units)”has become the main form of social organization and basic unit of space in Chinese cities.That “Danwei runs society” is the appropriate expression of the social state under the Unit System at that time.Therefore,Danwei community has more particularity than the traditional urban community in terms of residents’ composition,living space,cultural life,social interaction,etc.,which has extraordinary significance in the history of China’s industrialization.The daily life of the Danwei members constitutes the diversity of community living.Based on the concept of “the daily living space in Danwei community”,this thesis intends to construct a theoretical research framework,and takes the state-owned No.785 factory,a large military enterprise invested and built by the state in the 1950 s,as the research object.Then,from a diachronic perspective,this thesis analyzes the formation,development and stage characteristics of the daily living space in Danwei community under different macro backgrounds.It is the objective of the research to reproduce the vivid situation of the material and cultural life of Danwei community in each historical stage as far as possible,and help the planners to better serve the residents of the old Danwei community.Apart from the introduction,the thesis is divided into three parts.The content of the first part macroscopically expounds the formation,perfection,decline and differentiation process of the daily living space in Danwei;then,the evolution process of social security system,welfare dependence and the development of Danwei itself is taken as the basis for dividing the transition stages of daily life space in Danwei community;finally,it is divided into three stages.The second part expounds and analyzes the transition process and characteristics of residential construction,welfare facilities and cultural life of Danwei community in three main historical stages in detail.The result shows that the daily living space of Danwei community in the first stage is introverted and stable;the second stage,as a transitional stage of partial digestion,reflects the continuity and variation of welfare,consciousness and other aspects of Danwei;In the third stage,due to the influence of national policies,the daily living space in Danwei community also tends to be socialized,showing the characteristics of contradiction and unity in the composition of residents and community identity.In the third part of this thesis,based on the previous discussion on the historical evolution of Danwei community,the external factors influencing the transition of the daily living space in Danwei community are summarized as follows: firstly,Housing Reform and urbanization have created favorable conditions for the mobility of residents in Danwei communities and their dependence on public housing is reduced in the face of more housing choices;secondly,the socialization of welfare facilities has broken the barriers between work units,no longer self-contained.Those facilities also have new development and residents have more choices;thirdly,the progress of planning methods and construction technology is directly reflected in the distribution and type of residential buildings in Danwei community.Then,the internal factors influencing the transition are summarized as follows:firstly,after the disintegration of Danwei as a “community”,the value orientation of individualism has replaced the collectivism,which is a substantial factor in the transition of neighborhood relations in the community;secondly,the agglomeration of urban population,the refinement of occupational division and the development of new technology have led to the change of people’s social concepts and ways.Online communities oriented by interests and hobbies have broken through the limitations of the past neighborhood relationship,and the bond of Danwei community formed by blood and geography has gradually lost its soil of existence;thirdly,the demands of the current urban residents for housing have been complicated.Housing is bound with more high-quality conditions needed in daily life,rather than just representing the place of residence.Finally,on the basis of clarifying the main characteristics and influence factors about the transition of the daily living space in Danwei community,the thesis puts forward some planning suggestions for the construction of a new type of community in the “post Danwei period” according to the actual situation that it will be completely demolished. |
