Study On Standardized Design Of Teaching Buildings Of Primary School Guided By The Concept Of Industrial,Flexible And Demountable (IFD) Buildings

In the process of carrying out the new urbanization strategies in our country,the imbalance between the supply and demand of educational resources brought about by population mobility is gradually highlighted,and the educational resources in primary schools in all kinds of big cities carry more pressure than in junior high school.Combined with the current policy background of the country’s vigorous pursuit of buildings industrialization,the development of prefabricated primary school buildings for rapid construction is conducive to increasing the supply of degrees through new construction of schools within a short term,and easing the contradiction between the shortage of educational resources and the fairness of compulsory education.The development of prefabricated primary school teaching buildings cannot be separated from standardized design.Thus,studying standardized design methods of prefabricated primary school teaching buildings has practical significance.For the sake of absence of prefabricated buildings’ design methods in the architectural education system,the traditional knowledge system concerning architecture is difficult to meet the requirements of building industrialization.The development of domestic building industrialization and the renewal of architectural knowledge system are out of sync in details.Until now,prefabricated primary schools completed in China have not been in the minority,while a systematic design method has not yet formed.Notwithstanding,researches from the industry as well as the academy on standardized design still concentrate in the field of dwellings,rarely involved with public buildings.With the concept of IFD buildings developed in the research of residential buildings,this study analyses the open building approach as foundation of the concept of IFD which has three parts of industrial building systems,flexible system and demountable system.It is pointed out that the concept of IFD compared with open building approach has several characteristics: policy intervention to form an industry-wide linkage,variable structural system,emphasizing the industrial production and construction of dry joints.This study takes it as the theoretical support of standardized design of primary school building after it is adaptively refined and extended.After combing through various concepts under building industrialization such as integration,standardized design,modularization,prefabs,etc.and establishing interrelation,it is pointed out that design logic precedes production logic as a necessary prerequisite,and the concept of IFD buildings contains flexible detachable with potential sequencing but not complete isolation,which is compatible with the design integration as the underlying design logic.The concept of IFD buildings has the feasibility of applying to standardized design,thus proposing the basic school building standardization design points and systematic design methods.Combined with field research and related case studies,this paper puts forward a standardized design method for prefabricated primary school buildings,and gives suggestion of expanded module of12 M,and on this basis designs a module mesh with a distance of 12M+6M in the depth direction and 24 M in the width direction.After verifying the feasibility of the method with a layout of courtyard space as an example,the study achieves the flexibility and variability on the basis of standardization.Finally,trying to construct the IFD building system of primary school teaching building,it is suggested that the primary school teaching buildings adopt the industrial construction strategies which combine assembly of prefabricated parts with factory 3D module.Lastly,there are discussions about the IFD characteristics of each subsystem at the support and infill level respectively.This research tries to apply the concept of IFD buildings from the industrialized design of residential buildings to the standardized design of primary school teaching buildings,and constructs the connection between the idea of level separation and modular coordination under the concept of IFD and the building systems’ integration and standardized design in the current prefabricated building standards in China,It provides a new entry point for the standardized design of prefabricated primary school teaching buildings,and gives consideration to diversity to a certain extent while solving how to carry out the standardized design.