Research On Route Planning Of Refrigerated Electric Vehicle Considering Recharging Strategy

At present,urban and rural residents have an increasing demand for fresh product in daily life.However,cold chain logistics companies are facing many difficulties in the distribution of cold chain product,such as high cold chain distribution cost,high loss rate of cold chain product,and low delivery timelines.In addition,with the increasing demand for cold chain logistics,the use of fuel vehicle for distribution will aggravate the environmental pollution problem.Therefore,the current government vigorously advocates the use of electric vehicle for logistics distribution.For the government and cold chain logistics companies,the use of cold chain electric vehicle for fresh product distribution can not only reduce the pollution of the urban environment during the distribution process,but also reduce the cost of cold chain distribution.At the same time,the current cold chain electric vehicle is still facing some problems during the distribution,such as short distribution mileage and insufficient recharging station facilities.Considering that Chinese power generation is mainly from thermal power generation,this means that the electricity consumed by electric vehicle will also indirectly emit carbon dioxide.In addition,the different power replenishment strategies of full recharging,partial recharging,and battery swapping have a greater impact on the results of electric refrigerated vehicle distribution route planning.Therefore,how to reasonably plan the distribution route of electric refrigerated trucks,analyze the impact of different power replenishment strategies on the distribution results,and on the basis of ensuring the quality of fresh product and the timeliness of distribution,reduce the cost of cold chain logistics and distribution to a greater extent,and reduce pollutant emissions have become the key to current cold chain logistics.First of all,this paper describes the route planning problem of refrigerated electric vehicles in the distribution of urban fresh product,and models the distribution of refrigerated electric vehicles.Based on the three power replenishment strategies of full recharging,partial recharging,and battery swapping,the design includes the objective function of fixed cost,cargo damage cost,cooling cost,driving cost,penalty cost and carbon emission cost and the constraints including maximum vehicle load limit,customer time window limit,electric vehicle power limit,and taking into account the recharging station queuing time,Thus,a mathematical model for route planning of electric refrigerated trucks with the goal of minimizing the total distribution cost is constructed.Secondly,this paper designs a two-stage solution algorithm framework for the mathematical model of cold chain electric vehicle distribution route planning.In the first stage,the recharging demand operator and inserting the recharging station operator are designed to combine with the classic Clarke & Wright algorithm to solve the initial feasible solution of the model.In the second stage,multiple removal and insertion operators are designed based on the framework of the adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm,and then the initial feasible solution of the first stage is brought into the loop iteration of the algorithm until the termination condition is met to obtain the optimized route program.Finally,this paper takes the distribution center of a cold chain logistics company in Chongqing as an example to analyze the impact of the three power replenishment strategies of full recharging,partial recharging,and battery swapping under the requirements of three groups of different customer time windows on the distribution route.The research results show that the full recharging strategy is suitable for use when the delivery time is relatively generous.Partial recharging strategies are used when the delivery time is not tight,and the total delivery cost and carbon emissions are lower.The battery swapping strategy is more tight when the delivery time is compared to the full recharging.Or use it at the right time to reduce the total distribution cost and reduce delivery time.In addition,based on the partial recharging strategy and battery swapping strategy,the main influencing factors of the refrigerated electric vehicle route planning include the price of carbon tax,the maximum load of vehicles,and the queuing time of recharging stations.The research results show that increasing the price of carbon tax can effectively reduce carbon emissions and increase reducing the maximum load of large vehicles and delivery vehicles can significantly reduce carbon emissions and delivery distance.Excessive recharging queue time will affect cooling cost and penalty cost.The optimization models,algorithms and cases presented in this paper provide strong theoretical support for the sustainable development of cold chain logistics enterprises and their further transformation and upgrading.