Research On Landscape Changes And Features Of “Taoism Nature Sanctuary” In Zhejiang

As one of the representative types of Chinese famous mountains,Taoism Nature Sanctuary(TNS)implies the traditional Chinese philosophical views of "the harmony between man and nature" and "Taoism follows Nature ",which embodies the spirit and culture of Chinese Taoism.It is a concrete expression of the Taoist "Sacred Space" and the key to understand the relationship between man and nature.As an important development area of TNS in the country,,Zhejiang has always received full attention from rulers,Taoist literati,etc.,showing lasting and strong vitality.Based on the clues of "Zhejiang TNS in historical evolution",using horizontal and vertical interlaced research methods,combining documents,images,field investigations and landscape protection methods.This study aims to explore the complicated historical evolution of Zhejiang TNS,the expression of "Sacred Space",and the enlightenment of healthy human settlements contained in TNS.This paper wishes to enrich the historical and cultural connotation of TNS,and provide the foundation for Chinese TNS to apply for world cultural landscape heritage research material.Therefore,this research has achieved the following three results:(1)Combing the historical evolution of Zhejiang TNS: Its historical process can be divided into six periods which are Qin-Han Dynasties and before(Origin),Wei-Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties(Popularity),Sui-Tang Dynasties(Full development),Five Dynasties to Song Dynasty(Secular transformation),Yuan-Ming and Qing Dynasties(Silence),and the Republic of China to the present(Revival).From the pre-Qin to the Sui-Tang dynasties,the development of Zhejiang TNS did not develop independently of each mountain,but formed a regional form to construct a spatial context between religion and mountains.After Song Dynasty,the form of comprehensive spreading was changed,and the TNS,which had great political value,was shifted from religious significance to secular significance.Due to the key periods of Tang-Song Dynasties for the development of Zhejiang TNS,this paper highlightes the key historical nodes,events and main characters,and mastered the macro cognition.(2)Exploring the characteristics of landscape construction of Zhejiang TNS: Combined with field research,the development status of TNS was comprehensively sorted out,Weiyu Mountain,Tiantai Mountain,Siming Mountain,Gaizhu Mountain and the typical TNS in Wenzhou area were selected,and interpreted its regional characteristics similar to the "sacred mountain" landscape according to the remaining conditions and landscape space composition.At the same time,this paper traces the deep connection between TNS and Taoist sacred map,briefly discussing the essence of "sacred space" landscape construction from two aspects: the space connecting between them,and the expression of Taoist architecture/caverns and landscape space..(3)Interpretating of the healthy human settlements thought contained in TNS: This paper traces the origin of TNS and the epidemic,believing that people’s fear of the epidemic and their pursuit of“immortal land” produced the symbol of “fairyland”.As a natural place of refuge,TNS played an important physiological and psychological healing role in quarantine and epidemic prevention in history.To avoid the epidemic,the northern refugees migrated to the south due to “Yongjia Rebellion”which led to the development of TNS in regions south of the Yangtze River.This paper also analyzed the construction characteristics of TNS in mountains and forests and the health maintenance practice of Taoism to form a natural way of getting along with both internal and external practice.In this way,it explores the modern enlightenment of TNS to the construction of healthy settlements.