Research On The Development Path Selection Of China’s Higher Engineering Education From The Perspective Of Transformation

With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration,international competition has become fiercer.At the same time,the fourth industrial revolution swept the world with an irresistible trend,bringing new opportunities and challenges to the development of all countries in the world.In this context,engineering science and technology is an important force in the development of a country,and it is increasingly becoming a key means for a country to stand out in the increasingly fierce international competition.Higher engineering education is the main way to disseminate and sublimate engineering science and technology.Therefore,in this context,it is particularly necessary to look at the development path choice of higher engineering education from the perspective of transformation.With the rise of the Westernization Movement,China’s higher engineering education has a history of more than 140 years.Its development path has experienced "imitation of Japan-imitation of the United States-imitation of the Soviet Union-imitation of the United States".In recent years,China has devoted itself to the construction and development of the higher engineering education system with Chinese characteristics,and has cultivated a number of high-quality engineering technologies with innovative practical ability,which can meet the needs of economic and social development.This process is the path selection process of Chinese higher engineering education through external learning and self-exploration.Based on the changing world situation and the characteristics of the times,starting from the perspective of transformation,this paper attempts to use case analysis,historical combing,qualitative research and other methods to select the appropriate development path for China’s higher engineering education.Firstly,in order to gain more experience in the development of higher engineering education,this paper combs the transformation process of higher engineering education in typical international countries in different historical periods,including the developed countries in Europe and America represented by the United States and France,and the socialist countries represented by the former Soviet Union(Russia),and systematically analyses their transformation paths in different times and social backgrounds.At the same time,it introduces the reform experience of several representative international polytechnic universities,and analyses the factors and paths of their transformation.Thus,the transformation of China’s higher engineering education can learn from the successful experience of the international community and draw lessons from their transformation.Secondly,from a historical point of view,it analyzes the development paths of different stages of higher engineering education in China.Its development is divided into five historical stages,and the transformation factors,orientation and characteristics of each stage are analyzed.Based on this,combined with the strategic needs of the current era,this paper makes a theoretical summary of the development status and characteristics of the transformation of China’s higher engineering education.Thirdly,using the system theory to analyze and summarize the influencing factors of the transformation of higher engineering education,including the external incentives of the system and the internal motive force of the system,the connotation and characteristics of these two levels are analyzed concretely.Through the theory of multiple governance and the theory of triple helix,the three main stakeholders in the process of transformation of higher engineering education are analyzed.Finally,the triple helix innovation is constructed according to the innovation theory.Therefore,it is theoretically clear that China’s higher engineering education should take an innovative development path with the government,enterprises and universities as the main interests.Finally,based on China’s specific national conditions and international development experience at this stage,the general requirements of China’s higher engineering education transformation are clarified.From the perspective of government,two supporting systems of higher engineering education transformation should be constructed.From the point of view of enterprises,the key two links of the transformation of higher engineering education are established.And from the perspective of universities,three important measures are taken to implement the transformation of higher engineering education.Therefore,this paper is expected to provide a reference for the development path selection of higher engineering education in China in the new era.