Assessment On Landscape Ecological Risk Of Qilian Mountain National Park Based On Landscape Structure

The Qilian Mountain National Park is an important ecological function area in China,as well as an important ecological security barrier and water conservation area in Northwest China.Recognizing and effectively controlling ecological risks is of great significance to the maintenance and management of the ecological functions of Qilian Mountain National Park.So,this article uses ecological related theories to analyze the composition and transformation of Qilian Mountain National Park’s landscape structure,and uses geostatistical analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods to explore the ecological risk distribution characteristics and ecological risks of Qilian Mountain National Park.Spatial correlation.the result shows:(1)In terms of landscape structure,during the study period,the main types of landscape components are unused land,ice and snow,and grassland.Except for the decrease of unused land and ice and snow,the area of other landscape types is increasing.Ice and snow transfer to unused land and shrub forest land;most of the waters are transferred from unused land;grassland transfers to unused land and shrub forest land;shrub forest land is transferred to unused land and grassland;arbor forest land is mainly occupied by grassland and shrub forest land,The transfer is mainly unused land;among them,the transfer between unused land and other landscape components is more complicated,and there are conversions with each landscape component.(2)In terms of landscape pattern,the degree of landscape fragmentation is relatively low,but the degree of fragmentation of arbor forests and waters has increased significantly,which has affected biodiversity;the degree of separation of waters is the highest,the degree of separation of ice and snow is the lowest,and the magnitude of change is small;among them,the degree of interference the largest is the water area,followed by the shrubland and arbor woodland.The situation of the ecological environment is still relatively severe,and the various landscape indexes have changed to varying degrees due to the differences in time and types of landscape components,which has increased the instability of the ecological environment.(3)Generally speaking,from 2000 to 2018,the area of high ecological risk area was the smallest,but its proportion continued to increase,reaching 13.66% at the end;the area of low ecological risk area was the largest,but the overall proportion showed a downward trend,dropping to 16.86%;the proportion of areas with higher ecological risk continues to rise,rising to 20.70%;the proportion of areas with lower ecological risks has a relatively stable trend,at 25.40%;the proportion of areas with medium ecological risks first rises and then stabilizes The situation is 23.37%.The ecological risk changes in the study area are obvious,and the distribution of ecological risk levels presents a certain radial structure characteristic.At the beginning of the study,the landscape components of the high ecological risk area were distributed in the southern part of Sunan.At the end of the study,the high ecological risk area developed from the central part to the western and eastern areas;the low ecological risk area was mainly distributed in the southern part of Yumen;High ecological risk areas are mostly distributed along the periphery of high ecological risk areas;low ecological risk areas gradually become smaller and evolve into other ecological risk areas;medium ecological risk areas are distributed around higher ecological risk areas.(4)During the study period,the overall ecological risk of the study area showed an upward trend.The Moran’s I values in the three periods were all greater than 0,indicating that the spatial distribution of landscape ecological risks is positively correlated;Qilian Mountain National Park’s landscape ecological risks are all higher High-aggregation and low-low-aggregation structures are dominant,that is,adjacent areas show a high degree of similarity in space,and there is an agglomeration effect.(5)According to risk areas with different risk levels,corresponding risk management countermeasures are proposed: the management of high ecological risk areas and high ecological risk areas is mainly the management of arbor forests and water areas,secondary forests and natural forests should be protected,and mountain closures for afforestation activities should be carried out.Protect water sources and improve the utilization rate of water resources;the management of medium ecological risk areas is mainly to establish and improve grassland ecological protection and construction mechanisms,and implement grazing prohibition and grazing prohibition in particularly vulnerable areas;for low ecological risk areas and low ecological risk areas In district management,the relevant policies of the national nature reserve shall be strictly implemented,and it shall be suitable for grazing and grazing,and for forestry and forest,so as to achieve coordinated development with the natural environment.