Research On Spatio-temporal Changes And Obstacles Factors Of Tourism Ecological Security In Qilian Mountain National Park

With the vigorous development of tourism in the era of "mass tourism",the rapidly expanding tourism industry has not only generated huge economic benefits,but also caused a series of ecological problems such as increased pollution and degradation of the natural environment.The dual attributes of environmental friendliness and resource consumption of tourism determine the antagonistic and unified relationship between tourism and ecology.As an important part of China’s ecological civilization construction,tourism ecological security is not only a necessary prerequisite for the high-quality development of tourism,but also an important part of building a comprehensive management system for tourism and ecology.National parks are typical and special areas with complex human-land interactions,and are gathering places for tourism consumption behavior,ecosystem services,ecological environmental protection,and coordinated community development.At present,the conflict between coordinating the protection and utilization of tourism resources is one of the key issues that need to be solved urgently in the construction of the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body.Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of tourism ecological security in national parks,timely discovery of problems in ecosystems,and effective measures to protect tourism ecological security have become the key areas of tourism geography research.In this context,scientific measurement of tourism ecological security has important theoretical and practical value for promoting the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment in Qilian Mountain National Park.Based on this,this study took 14 counties within the scope of Qilian Mountain National Park as the research object,selected 31 indicators from the five dimensions of "driving forcepressure-state-impact-response" to establish the tourism ecological security evaluation index system of Qilian Mountain National Park,and used the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the comprehensive coefficient of tourism ecological security level,and analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of tourism ecological security in Qilian Mountain National Park.Combined with the obstacle degree model,the obstacle factors of Qilian Mountain National Park were diagnosed,and corresponding suggestions were put forward.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the temporal and spatial changes of tourism ecological security in Qilian Mountain National Park,the comprehensive index of tourism ecological security increased from 0.429 to 0.543 from 2011 to 2020,and the safety level increased from sensitive to critical safety,showing an overall fluctuation and upward trend.Generally speaking,the ecological security of tourism in Qilian Mountain National Park is still at a medium and low level,and the ecological security situation is relatively grim.As far as counties are concerned,the level of tourism ecological security in Qinghai area is slightly higher than that in Gansu area,among which Tianjun and Shandan have the highest level of tourism ecological security,while Tianzhu and Axai rank last.Except for Aksei,which is a risk level,all other counties are sensitive and critical safety status;(2)From the perspective of the change trend of tourism ecology in Qilian Mountain National Park,there were significant differences among counties,and the level of tourism ecological security in Shandan,Ganzhou and Yongchang counties continued to rise,while the rest of the counties showed a fluctuating upward trend,and the decline period was concentrated in 2011-2014.From the perspective of various subsystems,the tourism ecological security response index of Qilian Mountain National Park contributed the most to the comprehensive index of ecological security from 2011 to 2020.From 2014 to 2019,the ecological environment continued to improve,and then decreased slightly,but the overall contribution was relatively low.(3)From the perspective of the spatial pattern characteristics of tourism ecological security in Qilian Mountain National Park,each county is mainly based on critical safety level,and the grade distribution has the characteristics of olive-shaped distribution of "more in the middle(III.,IV.)and less at two ends(II.,V.)".The spatial pattern distribution as a whole is a spatial pattern of "gradual optimization from the central to the east,with continuous distribution of critical safety level and general safety level,and scattered distribution of sensitive level and risk level".(4)From the perspective of the criterion layer obstacle factors affecting Qilian Mountain National Park,the degree of interannual variation of the barrier degree of the five subsystems was significant,the driving force and pressure subsystem showed a fluctuating upward trend,and gradually developed into the dominant obstacle factors,the state and response subsystem showed a decreasing trend year by year,and the influence subsystem did not change significantly,which indicated that the level of tourism ecological security in Qilian Mountain National Park was mainly affected by the driving factors,ecological environment quality and population size.From the perspective of each county,the criterion layer obstacle factor of each county(district,city)changed significantly,reflecting the ability of different regions to adapt to the changes of tourism ecological environment.(5)From the perspective of indicator layer obstacle factors,there are mainly the following types:(1)Tourism economy: total tourism revenue,tourist reception;(2)Tourism services: tourist density index,number of employees in tertiary industry units,proportion of tertiary industry in GDP;(3)Socio-economic category: per capita GDP,economic development level;(4)Urban construction environment: green coverage rate of built-up area,per capita park green area;(5)Human-land conflict: natural population growth rate,population density,proportion of urban population,total meat production.From the perspective of the change trend of the dominant obstacle factors in each county,the change of the dominant obstacle factors in each county was relatively small from 2011 to 2014,and the difference between the dominant obstacle factors between different counties after 2014 was significant year by year.