| Land-use/cover change(Land-use/cover change,LUCC)is an important part of global and regional climate change,has direct influence on the spatial distribution of ecosystem service value,is the direct performance of human activities affect the natural environment,quantitative evaluation of ecological service value is ecological zoning,ecological protection,ecological compensation decisions and important basis and economic assessment.In this study,using Land-use data of 5 Phases,in1980-2020,in the national park,skylight area and surrounding areas,Through software technologies such as Arc GIS,Geo Da,and Fragstats,Using value equivalent method,landscape pattern analysis method,Ecological Services Change Index,(ESCI),Methods of spatial statistical analysis,Three regional Land-use and landscape pattern and ecosystem service values were analyzed(Ecological Services Values,Dynamic characteristics of ESV),To reveal the intrinsic factors that produce change,In order to provide a scientific basis for the scientific protection and rational utilization of resources in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)During 1980-2020,the natural ecosystem of the study area was dominated by forest land,reaching more than 84%.The woodland area continues to increase,with a cumulative increase of 406.15km~2Among them,the forest area in the national park has increased by 291.07 km~2counting for 71.67%of the total cumulative increase of forest land.The unused land and construction land increased rapidly,among which the unused land changed from scratch,and the change rate of construction land was as high as 596.33%.Mainly after 2010,the growth rate was 455.53%,with the highest increase in the surrounding area,with an increase of 85.65 km~2Accounting for 76.32%of the total growth;followed by water at 300.02%,mainly in the 1990-2000,counting for 20.67%of the total water growth.Land-use is manifested as the transformation of grassland and cultivated land into forest land,and the conversion of forest land and cultivated land into water area and construction land.(2)From 1980 to 2020,the study area took woodland as the matrix landscape,counting for 84.87%-90.00%of the total area,and the aggregation index was 97.22-98.68.The landscape concentration of woodland types in all three regions decreased,among which the overall decline of national parks was0.04,while the core protection areas increased by 0.31,indicating that the woodland landscape of the core protected areas of national parks tended to gather,and other areas tended to be scattered.Overall,the landscape concentration of forest land in national parks was higher than that of the skylight area and surrounding areas.In terms of landscape diversity,the overall Shannon diversity index and Shannon uniformity index decreased in the study area declined,with the largest decline in national parks,from0.40 and 0.25 to 0.21 and 0.11.It shows that the national park is very prominent with woodland landscape.Overall,the woodland landscape of the national park is better than the skylight area and surrounding areas,the plaque fragmentation degree is lower than the skylight area and surrounding area,and the woodland landscape is more complete.(3)The overall performance of ESV in the research area from 1980 to 2020 was an increasing change process of 5.883 billion yuan,with a growth rate of 9.45%,among which the national parks increased by 3.769 billion yuan,counting for 64.07%of the total increase,while the ecosystem service value of the general control area contributed the highest contribution rate of 2.898 billion yuan,counting for 49.26%of the total increase of ecosystem value in the research area.The skylight area is manifested in the change process of increasing first and then decreasing,with a cumulative decrease of0.05 million yuan,or 0.50%.The ESV proportion of woodland in the study area was the highest,with more than 86%,among which more than 94%were in the core protected areas of national parks.Individual ESV is mainly climate regulation and hydrological regulation,with two accounting for more than 47%of the total ESV.In the spatial distribution of the study area,ESV has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics of high in national park and low in surrounding area and skylight area.On the time scale,further atrophy of ESV high value area and low value area tend to be dispersed.(4)The ESV and its changes in the five periods in the 1980–2020 study area showed a significant positive correlation in the spatial distribution.The spatial distribution of ESV value-added hot spots and loss cold points is highly consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of ESCI.Value-added hot spots are mainly distributed in Daguangba Reservoir in national Park,Liyue Reservoir in surrounding area,and Daomao Reservoir in skylight area.ESV loss cold points are mainly distributed in Dongfang city and urban areas in Ledong county.(5)High Relevance of Study area landscape Pattern and ESV change with the Government Policy.Study area space and time change mainly focuses on the 2010-2020 period,along with the policies and key projects promulgated and implemented by the Hainan Provincial government,In 2010,the policy implementation of the international tourism island promoted a lot of basic construction;in 2012,The initial implementation of the green treasure island big project。According to the above conclusions,it is suggested:(1)reduce human activities and improve the ecological environment through ecological restoration projects;(2)set 500 m wide identification belt to the surrounding area and the skylight area and bring the unified management into the national park to avoid the outside world,especially the urban area;(3)the national park can implement dynamic boundary management to adjust the surrounding forest quality into the national park. |
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