Study On The Evolution Of Spatial And Temporal Patterns And Conservation Strategies In Sanjiangyuan National Park

The Sanjiangyuan region is a typical area of fragile ecological environment in the Qinghai-Tibet region.In recent decades,the ecological environment of the Sanjiangyuan region has been changing due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors,which has an important impact on the sustainable development of the economy and society in the middle and lower reaches.Studies related to changes in the landscape pattern of Sanjiangyuan National Park are important for understanding the formation mechanism of the spatial distribution of the landscape in Sanjiangyuan National Park.In view of this,based on the theory of landscape ecology,the theory of sustainable development,the theory of ecological conservation and the principle of mathematical and statistical analysis,this paper analyses the ecological and environmental changes in Sanjiangyuan National Park through ArcGis and R language,based on remote sensing images in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020,combined with the current land use data,planning maps and other related information,and selects the landscape Based on remote sensing imagery from 2000,2005,2010 and 2020,combined with current land use data,planning maps and other relevant information,we selected methods such as magnitude of change,transfer matrix and landscape pattern index to conduct an in-depth study on the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns in Sanjiangyuan National Park,explore the driving factors of the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns in Sanjiangyuan National Park,and propose corresponding optimisation measures and conservation strategies based on the reflected problems,providing a certain theoretical basis for local landscape resource management,vegetation restoration and conservation,and providing a reasonable protection for the This paper provides a reference for the overall ecological conservation of Sanjiangyuan National Park.The main findings of this paper are as follows.(1)Analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the landscape pattern in Sanjiangyuan National Park between 2000 and 2020By using 3S technology to analyse the land use types and landscape patterns of Sanjiangyuan National Park in the same space and at different times over 20 years,the results show that grassland and lakes are the main ecological land types in Sanjiangyuan National Park,while other unused land and bare land are second to the distribution of grassland and lakes.A shift matrix was established for the changes in land use types in the study area in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020,and the results showed that there were different degrees of changes between the various landscape ecotypes during the study period,with frequent shifts in and out of a few landscape types.Grassland is the dominant type of landscape in Sanjiangyuan;throughout the entire Sanjiangyuan National Park,the number of patches shows a gradual decrease,and the slight decrease in the number of patches indicates a decrease in the number of trivial small sections in the study area,a relative decrease in the fragmentation of the study area,and a more complete and even distribution of the overall landscape pattern,while the total area of the entire national park remains unchanged.The different landscape indices have significant and non-significant correlations for all types of landscape area.(2)Extraction and analysis of spatio-temporal transformation elements in Sanjiangyuan National ParkBy discussing the influence of various elements on the ecological landscape pattern of Sanjiangyuan National Park,we provide data to support further analysis of the driving mechanisms of landscape pattern evolution.The results show that over the past two decades,the number and area of lakes in Sanjiangyuan National Park have generally shown an expansion trend,with the overall number of lakes showing a "slow growth followed by rapid growth",the fragmentation of lakes and wetlands decreasing,and the overall ecological environment gradually optimising.The spatial distribution of annual NDVI shows obvious regional differences.(3)Comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal changes in Sanjiangyuan National Park and exploration of the driving forcesThe data on natural and anthropogenic factors in the study area in recent years were collected and combined with mathematical and statistical methods to statistically analyse the factors affecting spatial and temporal changes within the Sanjiangyuan National Park,and to identify the main driving mechanisms affecting the ecological landscape pattern of the study area,and to provide scientific and reasonable data support for the next step of proposing corresponding conservation strategies.The results of PC A analysis and dimensionality reduction of the driving factors of spatio-temporal changes in Sanjiangyuan National Park show that the contribution of the first principal component reaches 51.8%,indicating that the combination of temperature,precipitation and lake change factors is the main influencing factor of the ecological environment changes in Sanjiangyuan.Through comparative analysis,it can be obtained that the dominant factors of ecological environment change in Sanjiangyuan are a combination of natural factors with temperature,precipitation and lake water resources as the main ones.(4)Exploring conservation strategies in Sanjiangyuan National ParkThrough a comprehensive analysis of the Sanjiangyuan National Park in an allround and multi-angle manner,the main driving factors affecting the evolution of the landscape pattern are the main components according to its dominant factors,providing support for the discussion of corresponding conservation issues and conservation strategies,and providing a scientific basis and decision-making reference for the subsequent construction of the national park and the conservation and sustainable development of the ecological environment in the Sanjiangyuan area.The following are the starting points:①rational planning of functional zoning,optimisation of the spatial layout of the landscape;②protection of the ecological complex of "mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes,grasses,sand and ice" in specific categories;strengthening ecological environmental protection and engineering construction,improving the connectivity between regional landscapes;③macroeconomic regulation of social development,guiding the development direction of landscape changes in China’s national parks.The development direction of landscape pattern change in China’s national parks,through controlling the value of several types of driving factors,to achieve the purpose of regulating the area of a certain landscape type,so as to optimise the landscape pattern of national parks;increase the control of construction land and unused land,as well as the protection and construction of ecological environment,implement special protection for factors related to water resources,and improve the use of the "Chinese Water Tower"④It is recommended that 3S technology be further applied to the dynamic monitoring of landscape patterns to obtain more accurate and timely data on the natural background,and to monitor the process and direction of landscape pattern evolution,so as to provide concrete and operational scientific references for the subsequent ecological protection and restoration and ecological use construction of the national park.