Study On The Effect Of Different Charging Policies On The Reduction Of MSW In China

China’s MSW has been growing at a high rate every year.However,China’s current garbage collection and handling system has some problems,such as unreasonable structure,heavy task,slow upgrade,high cost,lack of funds and so on.There is a huge gap in the actual garbage treatment capacity,which restricts the circular development of large and medium-sized cities to a certain extent and goes against the concept of sustainable development in China.A large amount of capital investment,the improvement of terminal infrastructure and the continuous improvement of treatment technology have made China achieve the goal of harmless waste treatment.However,in order to truly relieve the pressure of the middle and back end treatment system,it is necessary to further promote the reduction and recycling of domestic waste.In order to realize source reduction and recycling,we should start from the output end--residents,encourage residents to participate in garbage classification consciously,and cooperate with the garbage charging policy.Since the last century,Japan has been vigorously rectifying the garbage problem,and has a lot of experience to learn from in the garbage sorting and charging policy,such as compulsory sorting,timed delivery,metering and other measures.China has set up pilot cities for waste classification since the beginning of this century,but there is a lack of coercion,and the implementation effect of actual policies is not obvious.In the past two years,the state has issued official documents to gradually carry out garbage sorting in selected large and medium-sized cities across the country,expand the scope of implementation of the policy,and plan to set up pilot metering charges.Major cities have also begun to issue relevant regulations.Garbage charge is an important factor affecting the volume of garbage collection.A reasonable charging system can improve the externality of quasi-public goods.At present,the household garbage disposal fee for residents in China is generally fixed charge system,that is,3-10 yuan per household/month.However,the fixed fee system has some defects: the general garbage charge pricing standard is low,difficult to reflect the cost of garbage treatment,is not conducive to reduce the gap of garbage treatment;The principle of "polluter pays" cannot be well reflected,and the reduction effect of household waste is poor.Metering charging system can make up the difference between marginal private cost and marginal social cost better.Taking into account the realistic factors,there is some resistance to change from the fixed fee system to the metering fee system directly.Therefore,some cities in China began to make the transition by means of "water consumption coefficient conversion method".The measurement standard of "water consumption coefficient conversion method" is residents’ water consumption,which can reflect household size,living activities and other indicators.After multiple assessments,residents’ water consumption has a significant relationship with residents’ garbage output,so it can be used as the basis for household garbage charges.Some cities in China,such as Zhongshan,Jiujiang and Huizhou,began charging fees earlier,switching from a fixed fee system to a "water consumption coefficient conversion method" for garbage disposal fees.In recent years,more cities have begun to reform household waste charges,and some are drawing up charging plans to solicit public opinions.This article selects different charge policy on urban living garbage reduction effect as the research subject of domestic waste output,is discussed in detail through the externality theory,consumer behavior theory,using the function from the perspective of residents utility to analyze the necessity of living garbage charge and different living garbage charge policy influence on living garbage reduction,It provides some reference value for the implementation of metering charging model in China.In this paper,we collected the relevant data of 51 major cities in China from 2007 to 2019.In order to evaluate the effect of the water consumption coefficient conversion method on the metering charge reduction policy,we used the composite control method(SCM)to compose Jiujiang without implementing the policy and make a comparative analysis with the actual data.In order to make the results more rigorous,Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province was selected as the treatment group,and Wuhan City,Chongqing City and Yueyang City were selected as the reference group,taking into account the implementation time and regional differences,to conduct DID model test.By comparing the reduction effect of the charging system with that of "water consumption coefficient conversion method",it is concluded that the reduction effect of the latter is better than that of the former,which is helpful to realize the reduction of domestic waste.Based on the theoretical and empirical models,it is concluded that China can promote the reform of household waste charging system in a wider range under the background of vigorously promoting garbage classification.