Analysis Of The Results Of Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Of Jilin Province In 2019

Objective:This study analyzes the results of rural environmental sanitation monitoring in Jilin Province in 2019,and selects relevant indicators to analyze its dynamic changes from2011 to 2019.To understand the rural environmental sanitation status in Jilin Province,evaluate its sanitation quality,and further develop rural areas for the government remediation policies and improvement of public health planning provide a scientific measures.Methods:The data comes from the 2019 rural environmental sanitation monitoring data in Jilin Province compiled by the Environmental and Health Hazard Factors Prevention and Control Institute of the Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The data collection is carried out in accordance with the national unified"Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Work Plan"and technical specifications.The deadline is early 2020.Use IBM SPSS 24.0 software for data processing and statistical analysis,mainly adopt the form of statistical tables and graphs for descriptive analysis of data,and perform normality test for continuous variables.The distribution data is described by(?)±S,the categorical variables are described by frequency and percentage,and the comparison between groups is by x~2 test or Fisher’s exact probability method for statistical analysis,andα=0.05 was used as the test level.Results:1.In 2019,there are 12 monitored counties in Jilin Province.The rural population of the monitored counties is 4,043,100,covering an area.The total population of the district is 63.97%,and the per capita income of farmers is 13,061 RMB;there are 240monitoring sites,accounting for 29.44%of the total number of administrative villages in towns and townships.The total registered population of monitoring sites is 385,000,and the main source of economic income of farmers is"Planting industry",and the average net income of 9511 RMB.The number of monitored households is 1,200,accounting for 1.05%of the total number of households in the monitoring site(village).The source of income is mainly from"Agriculture",and the average household income24488 RMB.2.In 2019,the average household garbage produced per day was 1.65 kg,and83.25%of the garbage was discarded in"Trash bins/pools".In each monitoring point(village),the household garbage was processed in a centralized manner(referring to group cleaning-village collection-Township transfer-county treatment mode)rate is70.42%,garbage bin allocation rate is 97.50%.Among the population covered by garbage treatment plants,rural and county populations account for 25.85%and 74.15%of the total population,and county coverage is much higher than rural coverage.From2011 to 2019,the difference between the collection and treatment methods of domestic waste in Jilin Province was statistically significant(P<0.001).The proportion of“Uniform collection”in the collection method gradually increased,and the proportion of“Random storage”and“Fixed-point storage”gradually increased.Decrease,the proportion of“Reuse”in the treatment method gradually increases,and“Landfill”is still the main method.3.In 2019,monitoring household domestic sewage discharge methods were mainly"Discharge at will"(50.33%)and"Open ditch"(29.67%),and discharge locations were mainly"Pit ponds"(47.75%)and"Unfixed"(33.83%).Only 3 counties in the monitored counties deal with domestic sewage,and only 2.5%of the villages in the province have processed domestic sewage.Among the population covered by garbage treatment plants,the rural and county population accounted for 25.85%and74.15%of the total population.Coverage rates in counties are much higher than in rural areas.From 2011 to 2019,the differences in the ways and locations of domestic sewage discharge in Jilin Province are statistically significant(P<0.001).Among the discharge methods,“Discharge at random”is main method,and the“River”in the discharge location accounts for the proportion is gradually decreasing,with"Pits and ponds"dominated.4.In 2019,the province’s centralized water supply population coverage rate was55.73%,and the water source type was mainly“deep well”(71.39%).Most of the methods are"Untreated"(66.67%);the main types of rural decentralized water supply sources are"Shallow wells"(79.10%);the types of household drinking water are"Centralized water supply"(55.67%)and"Well water"(44.25%).From 2011 to 2019,the difference between rural water supply methods in Jilin Province was statistically significant(P<0.001).The proportion of centralized water supply increased overall,from 43.37%in 2011 to 55.73%in 2019,but decentralized water supply still accounted for a relatively high proportion.5.In 2019,the penetration rate of rural sanitary toilets in Jilin Province was23.55%.The penetration rate of sanitary toilets is 15.51%;the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in the monitoring county is the highest in Jian City,49.81%;among the households using sanitary toilets,the locations are mainly"Indoor"(44.66%)and"Outdoor"(45.04%),85.50%Of households expressed“satisfaction”with the use of sanitary toilets,and 91.98%of households thought it was“Clean”.6.In 2019,the breeding grounds for vector organisms in rural households in Jilin Province were“Chicken/duck/goose ring”(61.33%),"Water/dry toilets"(50.58%)and"Firewood stacks"(43.75%)are the main ones;among the vector control work,"Rodent control"(93.33%)has the highest development rate.7.In 2019,rural households in Jilin Province had the highest proportion of“Drinking boiled water”(80.08%),“Drinking raw water”(18.33%)followed by the percentage of“Washing hands before and after meals”at 93.42%;monitoring households’purchase and use rate of pesticides was 65.00%,and discarded pesticide packaging bottles(bags)were thrown in“Fields or garbage dumps”during disposal."(81.15%)had the highest proportion,and the overall protection rate was 74.23%;the crude death rate among the rural permanent residents in the monitoring sites(village)was 6.63‰,and the top three death rates by different causes were cerebrovascular diseases.Malignant tumors and heart disease,accounting for 79.94%of all deaths.8.In 2019,the proportion of cleaning staff(including full-time and part-time)in the monitoring points of Jilin Province was 99.58%,and the environmental sanitation-related expenditures averaged 76618 yuan per village;the establishment of sanitary villages,provincial sanitary villages accounted for 2.92%,municipalities Grade-level health villages accounted for 5.00%,and non-health villages accounted for 92.08%.Conclusion:1.In 2019,the overall level of rural environmental sanitation in Jilin Province is not high and needs to be further improved.2.In 2019,the centralized treatment rate of rural garbage in Jilin Province has reached the national plan standard,but the domestic sewage treatment rate is far below the national plan requirement standard,the penetration rate of sanitary toilets is relatively low,and the penetration rate of harmless sanitary toilets is even lower.3.In 2019,the"Rodent elimination"work in the control of vector organisms in Jilin Province was more prominent,and the environmental sanitation management situation in the whole province was relatively good,but the proportion of health villages was relatively low.4.From 2011 to 2019,the unified collection rate of rural domestic waste in Jilin Province gradually increased,and the main treatment method was"Landfill",and the proportion of"Reuse"gradually increased,tending to be diversified.Among rural domestic sewage discharge methods,the proportion of"Discharge at random"is relatively large,and the discharge sites are mainly"Pit ponds";the rate of centralized water supply in rural areas has gradually increased,but the proportion of decentralized water supply is still relatively high.