| Objective:By analyzing the current situation of environmental sanitation in some rural areas of Liaoning province from 2014 to 2018,this paper evaluates the current situation of environmental sanitation in some rural areas of Liaoning province in the past five years,to provide scientific basis for formulating relevant prevention and control measures of environmental hygiene and improving the quality of life of rural residents in the province.Methods:In this study,a multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 1100households in 11 counties in 9 cities of Liaoning Province in 2014-2018,collect and analyze the collected data.The investigation includes:basic situation,sanitary situation of latrines,sanitary situation of drinking water,sanitary situation of garbage and sewage,sanitary situation of soil,disease vectors,sanitary situation of environment and burning situation in straw field.Excel 2016 was used to build the database,SPSS25.0 software was used to statistics and process the data,descriptive analysis was used to describe the data,chi-square test was used to analyze the single factor,and SPSS25.0 software was used to IBM the data,spearman rank correlation and chi-square test were used for correlation analysis.Results:1.Basic Information:the total population of monitored counties showed an upward trend in 2014-2018,among which the proportion of rural population was 75.2%,75.6%,73.4%,73.3%and 73.4%respectively.The per capita net income of farmers reached 15,625.36 yuan in 2018 The economic source of monitoring village population is mainly planting industry.The proportion of total road hardening in the village was on the rise,and the annual difference was statistically significant(χ~2=53.38,P<0.05).In 2016,the highest expenditure on environmental health was 14.3197 million yuan,and the main educational level of the members of the monitored households was junior middle school education,with statistically significant annual differences(χ~2=40.05,P<0.05).The median family medical expenses in the last five years were 1,500 yuan,1,600 yuan,1,230 yuan,1,500 yuan and 2,000 yuan respectively.2.Toilet hygiene:non-sanitary toilets were mainly used in the monitoring villages,accounting for 86.5%,85.5%,71.3%,63.2%and 62.7%respectively in five years.The usage rates of three-form and double-weng toilets in sanitary households were higher,the percentage of the two pit alternating latrines was decreasing year by year,and the percentage of hand washing before and after meals was 85.4%,82.0%,75.1%,85.3%and 83.5%and the annual difference is statistically significant(χ~2=51.85,P<0.05).The correlation between family members’educational level and hand washing before and after meals was analyzed,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=108.58,P<0.05).3.Drinking Water Sanitation:the main type of household drinking water is centralized water supply,followed by well water,the annual difference is statistically significant(χ~2=75.56,P<0.05).The main habit of household drinking water is drinking boiled water,the annual difference was statistically significant(χ~2=35.57,P<0.05),and the correlation between family members’educational level and household drinking water habit was statistically significant(χ~2=157.20,P<0.05).4.The disposal methods of domestic waste in monitoring villages were mainly landfill,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=71.77,P<0.05).The main discharge methods of domestic sewage were mainly random discharge,there was significant difference in the five years(χ~2=77.25,P<0.05).The main place of sewage discharge was pit pond.There was significant difference in the five years(χ~2=74.72,P<0.05).The average output of household garbage was 2.55 kg/d,2.43 kg/d,1.72 kg/d,1.88 kg/d and 1.73 kg/d.The main disposal sites were garbage bins/ponds,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=132.57,P<0.05),the discharge mode of domestic sewage was mainly random discharge,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=155.02,P<0.05).5.Soil Hygiene:the percentage of Ascaris eggs detected decreased year by year in the monitoring village,which were 29.6%,20.6%,31.9%,29.6%and 22.8%.The percentage of Ascaris eggs detected was 16.0%,6.5%,18.2%,13.2%and 9.1%.In 2014-2018,soil lead,cadmium and Chromium was 100%.6.Vector:In 2014-2018,the number of cockroaches was 8.9%,50.8%,59.3%,62.2%and 39.3%.The number of water latrines/Aqua Privies was 80.9%,70.9%,70.7%,76.3%and 73.6%.7.Development of environmental health work:there was a significant difference in the composition ratio of environmental health management system among monitoring villages in five years(χ~2=38.05,P<0.05),there was a moderate correlation between the environmental health expenditure and the environmental health management system(r=0.30,P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the proportion of environmental health related education among years(χ~2=27.20,P<0.05),there was a significant difference(χ~2=38.00,P<0.05)between the intensity of Rodent Control and the expenditure of environmental sanitation in the monitoring village and the rodent control work in the past 5 years(r=0.56,P<0.05),there was a moderate correlation with fly control(r=0.30,P<0.05)and a moderate positive correlation(r=0.30,P<0.05)with carry out the cockroach eradication work.8.Straw burning in fields:most monitoring households never burn straw in fields,accounting for 67.2%,66.8%,77.0%and 75.1%and 75.4%,respectively,there was a significant difference in the ratio of straw burning in the field during 5 years(χ~2=75.23,P<0.01).Conclusion:1.The coverage rate of sanitary latrines in some rural areas of Liaoning province has increased from 2014 to 2018,but it is still low,and can not meet the requirement of the national urban and Rural Environmental Sanitation clean-up Action Plan-LRB-2015-2020)that the number of sanitary latrines in rural areas should not be less than 75%.2.From 2014 to 2018,the drinking water for rural families in Liaoning province was mainly centralized water supply,and the drinking water habit was mainly drinking boiled water.3.From 2014 to 2018,the disposal mode of domestic garbage in rural areas of Liaoning province was mainly landfill,and the phenomenon of domestic sewage discharged randomly was serious.4.From 2014 to 2018,there is a positive correlation between the investment of environmental sanitation funds and the propaganda and education,the work of killing rats,flies and cockroaches. |
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