Evaluation Of Carbon Emission Reduction In China’s Inter-provincial Tourism Industry And Optimization Of Emission Reduction Path In Backward Regions

In recent years,with the rapid economic growth,global warming has become more and more intense.Tourism has a role to play.According to a joint report by the World Tourism Organization,the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program,tourism is responsible for 4.9 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and will grow by 2.5 percent by 2035 if no action is taken.Since the reform and opening up,the improvement of residents’ living standard has promoted the reform of residents’ living concept.People are becoming more and more willing to travel and enjoy life,which at the same time produces a lot of carbon emissions.With the popularity of low-carbon economy,low-carbon tourism,green tourism have gradually become the tourism mode advocated by the government and the society.However,for a long time,the tourism industry’s extensive business model and lack of awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction have led to problems such as low energy utilization efficiency.With China’s economic growth entering a new normal,how to find a balance between maintaining economic growth and reducing tourism carbon emissions has become a major issue.This paper divides tourism into three sectors:transportation,accommodation and other activities.The‘bottom-up’method was adopted to estimate the total carbon emission of tourism industry in 31 Provinces of China from 2005 to 2018,evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide emission reduction and identify backward emission reduction areas.Then,the carbon dioxide emission efficiency and marginal emission reduction cost of tourism industry were calculated based on SBM model,and the path of emission reduction in backward emission reduction areas was optimized with the help of two-dimensional matrix.The results show that:(1)from 2005 to 2018,China’s carbon dioxide emissions from tourism,tourism transportation and other tourism activities are on the rise,and the average annual growth rate has slowed down;The overall carbon dioxide emission of accommodation in China’s tourism industry is decreasing.The interprovincial and regional differences of the four groups were all significant.Transport carbon dioxide emissions are the main driving force of tourism’s carbon dioxide emissions,and their proportion is increasing year by year,reaching 87.4%in 2018.(2)From 2005 to 2018,carbon dioxide emissions from tourism in China’s 31 provinces have generally shown an upward trend.The average carbon dioxide emission from tourism exceeds 10 million tons in Guangdong,Shanghai and Beijing,and less than 1 million tons in Tibet,Qinghai and Ningxia.(3)The regions with the lowest carbon dioxide emission reduction in tourism are Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Hainan,Heilongjiang and Xizang.The average carbon dioxide emission efficiency of the six regions is only 49%,and there is polarization.(4)According to the dual constraint of efficiency and cost,the backward emission reduction areas in tourism industry are divided into three categories:low-efficiency and low-cost areas(Beijing,Shanghai and Hainan),low-efficiency and high-cost areas(Heilongjiang)and high-efficiency and high-cost areas(Tianjin and Xizang).The research results of this paper can provide data support for the carbon dioxide emission assessment of China’s inter-provincial tourism industry,and provide a reasonable reference for the formulation of emission reduction policies in backward regions.Compared with the existing studies,the possible contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)in terms of research objects,it is helpful to measure the carbon dioxide emissions of tourism industry of 31 provinces and regions in China from 2005 to 2018 at the provincial level,so as to fully grasp the carbon dioxide emissions of China’s tourism industry and provide support for clarifying regional differences and formulating targeted emission reduction policies;(2)In terms of research content,it is not limited to the study of tourism carbon dioxide emission scale,carbon dioxide emission efficiency and marginal cost of emission reduction.It identifies backward regions according to their carbon dioxide emission reduction effects and optimizes their emission reduction paths;(3)In terms of research methods,existing researches mostly explored the choice of emission reduction path from the current situation of carbon dioxide emission reduction and influencing factors of carbon dioxide emission reduction.This paper calculated the efficiency and cost based on the SBM model,and explored the optimization of emission reduction path under the dual constraint of efficiency and cost with the help of a two-dimensional matrix.