Research On Pricing And Emission Reduction Decision-making Of Low-carbon Dual-channel Supply Chain Under Different Sales Channels

As environmental protection and sustainable development have gradually become the focus of discussion in the international community,many governments around the world have jointly signed the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions and control the global average temperature rise.In this regard,China has put forward the "double carbon" goal of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality by2060,and the carbon trading policy is one of the specific measures to implement the "double carbon" goal.It has carried out a pilot in seven provinces and cities in China in 2011 and officially launched the national carbon trading market in 2021.Under the current environmental situation and policy guidance,many manufacturers have put forward corresponding emission reduction or low-carbon transformation strategies,and consumers have gradually produced a certain degree of low-carbon preference.At the same time,considering the progress of information technology and the popularity of intelligent devices,many manufacturers have the choice of offline traditional sales channels and online sales channels,and the change of market competition environment changes the channel power structure between the main bodies of the supply chain.Therefore,it is of practical significance to study how supply chain members make pricing and emission reduction decisions under different sales channel structures,different carbon trading methods and different channel power structures,and to compare the differences of optimal decisions under different carbon trading methods and different channel power structures.This thesis considers two kinds of sales channel structure: traditional sales channel structure and online sales channel structure.Among them,the traditional sales channel structure is composed of one manufacturer and two offline retailers.The online sales channel structure is composed of one manufacturer,one offline retailer and one online retailer.Based on the specific sales channel structure and the introduction of two carbon trading methods: the grandfathering mechanism and the benchmarking mechanism,the game models under various channel power structures such as centralized decision-making,Nash game and Stackelberg game between the two retailers are constructed respectively.The optimal strategies of supply chain members in different situations are solved by reverse induction,and then the optimal strategies in different situations are compared and analyzed,and the corresponding propositions are obtained,Finally,the above proposition is verified by numerical simulation experiment.The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)Consumers' low-carbon preference coefficient has a positive impact on wholesale price,emission reduction level,sales price and profit decision-making;Consumers' online service sensitivity coefficient also has a positive impact on emission reduction level,sales price,online service level and profit decision-making;The carbon emission reduction cost coefficient of manufacturers and the service investment cost coefficient of online retailers have a negative impact on the optimal profits of manufacturers and retailers.(2)For the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain under the traditional sales channel,within a certain threshold condition,the manufacturers and retailers under the grandfathering mechanism will set relatively high wholesale prices and sales prices respectively,while the manufacturers and retailers under the benchmarking mechanism will achieve relatively high emission reduction level and profit respectively.At the same time,there are some differences in the optimal decisions of manufacturers and retailers under different channel power structures.(3)For the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain under the online sales channel,within a certain threshold condition,the impact of different carbon trading methods and different channel power structure on the optimal decision-making of manufacturers and retailers is similar to the above.In particular,online retailers' online services have a certain degree of "spillover effect",while offline retailers will have the possibility of "free riding".