Joint Emission Reduction And Pricing Decision Of Low-carbon Dual-channel Supply Chain

With the rapid development of e-commerce and logistics industry,many modes have been derived from network sales channels,such as Suning,Vancouver,Dangdang,such as Tianmao Mall and Pingduoduo.At the same time,in order to solve the increasingly serious environmental problems,governments have formulated their own energy-saving and emission reduction targets,and introduced corresponding low-carbon policies such as carbon trading,carbon tax and so on.With the vigorous propaganda of the government and the emergence of low-carbon concepts such as low-carbon life and low-carbon economy,more and more consumers pay more attention to the low-carbon attributes of products.Under this background,this paper introduces carbon cap trading policy and consumers' low-carbon preference into the dual-channel supply chain,and explores the optimal decision-making of channel members under different emission reduction modes by using game theory,operational research,Maple solution and numerical analysis,which provides theoretical basis for manufacturers' channel selection,emission reduction and pricing decisions.The main research work in this paper is as follows:First,according to the model of online sales channels,the dual-channel supply chain is divided into online direct marketing,online distribution and online sales agency,and manufacturers are dominant in two emission reduction modes(individual emission reduction and joint emission reduction mode).The Stackelberg game model is solved by the inverse solution method;the mathematical expressions of the optimal decision of manufacturers and retailers under different emission reduction modes and channel structures are obtained.Mathematical expression for optimal decision-making of manufacturer and retailer in channel structure.Secondly,according to the results of the solution,the impact of consumers' low carbon preference and carbon price on emission reduction level,retail price,wholesale price and profit is quantitatively analyzed,and the optimal decision-making of three low carbon dual-channel is compared and analyzed under different emission reduction modes.Finally,the optimal decision variables are numerically analyzed to show the manufacturers' decision-making choice more intuitively and comprehensively.The decision variables and examples are analyzed,and the following conclusions are obtained:Firstly,from the perspective of emission reduction modes: among the three low-carbon dual-channel,joint emission reduction is always beneficial to traditional retailers;in the online direct marketing dual-channel,joint emission reduction has no impact on manufacturers' profits;in the other two channel structures,manufacturers can obtain more profits under the joint emission reduction mode.Secondly,the increasing difficulty of emission reduction does not necessarily lead to the rise of wholesale and retail prices,which is related to channel structure,consumers' low carbon preference and emission reduction mode.In addition,under different emission reduction modes,wholesale price and retail price in the three low-carbon dual-channel are increasing functions about consumers' low-carbon preference;wholesale price and retail price in the online direct-selling dual-channel are positively correlated with carbon price;retail price and wholesale price in the online distribution dual-channel first increase and then decrease with the increase of carbon price.In the two-channel online distribution system,the retail price and wholesale price are positively correlated with carbon price under the single emission reduction mode;in the combined emission reduction mode,with the increase of carbon price,the wholesale price and online retail price have been increasing,while the traditional retail price has been decreasing first and then increasing.Finally,comparing three low-carbon dual-channel structures in different emission reduction modes,we can see that when consumers' low-carbon preferences and carbon prices are low,manufacturers tend to choose online distribution dual-channel,but at this time manufacturers' emission reduction level and traditional retailers' profits are the smallest,and the channel conflict between traditional channels and online channels is larger.Although manufacturers have the lowest profits in online distribution channels,manufacturers' emission reduction level and traditional retailers' profits are the largest,and retailers' profits in online distribution channels are smaller than those of online platforms.If the government gives manufacturers certain subsidies and guides manufacturers to choose dual online distribution channels,the conflict between traditional channels and online channels can be reduced and realized.The win-win situation of environmental protection and low-carbon development of enterprises.When consumers have low carbon preference and high carbon price,the manufacturers' emission reduction level and profit are the largest in the dual channels of online direct marketing,and the traditional retailers can also get more profits.At this time,it is more appropriate for manufacturers to choose online direct marketing channels.