| Leshan Giant Buddha is the largest ancient stone Maitreya Buddha sitting statue in the world.It is listed as "world cultural and natural heritage" by UNESCO and has a high value of cultural relics protection.Similar to other immovable stone landscapes,Leshan Giant Buddha faces serious weathering hazards,so it is urgent to protect it.Based on the theory of ecological primary succession,through field investigation and sampling,using three generations of 16 S / 18 S / its amplification sequence and other experimental methods,this study systematically investigated the bacterial,fungal,vascular plant and other biological diseases in Leshan Giant Buddha area,in order to provide basic information for the protection of Leshan Giant Buddha,a world-class scenic resource.The main results are as follows:(1)There are 70 species of vascular plants belonging to 66 genera and 41 families in the Buddha body area of Leshan,including 12 species of ferns belonging to 10 genera and8 families,57 species of angiosperms belonging to 55 genera and 32 families,and only 1family,1 genus and 1 species of gymnosperms.According to the statistical analysis of life forms,there are 48 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 44 genera,29 families in the growth stage of herbaceous plants,and 22 species of woody plants belonging to 22 genera,20 families in the growth stage of shrub plants.Based on the flora geography of Chinese seed plants written by Wu Zhengyi,66 genera in the study area of Leshan Giant Buddha can be divided into 14 types and 5 variants.According to the floristic analysis of the vascular plants of the Buddha,the distribution of the Giant Buddha in Leshan is mainly tropical and temperate,especially in the pan tropical and north temperate regions(except the world).(2)Based on the primary succession theory of ecology,Leshan Giant Buddha body is divided into six different succession stages,i.e.early weathering stage(f),lichen growth stage(d),bryophyte growth stage(T),fern growth stage(J),herb growth stage(L)and shrub growth stage(s).The results showed that actinobacteria(Actinobacteria)was the dominant phylum of F and D,and Proteobacteria(Proteobacteria)was the dominant phylum of T,J,L and S.Ascomycota(Ascomycota)is the dominant phylum in each successional stage.The dominant eukaryotic phylum of F,T,J,is phragmoplastophyta(phragmoplastophyta).In D and S,Arthropoda(Arthropoda)has more animal activities,while Nematoda(Nematoda)has more animal activities.The results show that: 1)there is a clear shrub plant community in Leshan Giant Buddha,which means that the biological weathering of Leshan Giant Buddha is not limited to the early stage of primary succession of lichens,bryophytes and other plant communities,and the root splitting of perennial plant roots causes more and more serious damage to Leshan Giant Buddha,which is an important content to be considered in the biological weathering control of Leshan Giant Buddha in the future;2)As the key role of biological weathering,microorganisms have different dominant microflora in each stage of biological weathering of Leshan Giant Buddha.The control of biological weathering of Leshan Giant Buddha needs to study the corresponding inhibition and killing methods according to the corresponding dominant microflora in each stage.On the one hand,it provides the basis for the manufacture of chemical materials to guide the production of chemical agents for sterilization.On the other hand,it is necessary to explore the wet conditions The weathering mechanism of stone cultural relics in the Sandstone Matrix in the run area provides basic data;3)according to the investigation of Leshan Buddha body area,the species composition and propagation characteristics of vascular plants are found.This paper puts forward some measures to reduce the biological weathering hazards faced by Leshan Buddha,including strengthening the management of landscape plants. |
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