| Karst rocky desertification is the most prominent regional problem in the ecological construction of southern China,and the effect of governance is one of the main basis to judge the realization of ecological civilization construction and sustainable development in this region.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China calls for the scientific promotion of comprehensive management of rocky desertification.Grassland animal husbandry is an important part of the comprehensive management project of rocky desertification,and is one of the effective measures to improve the ecological environment of rocky desertification and promote the high-quality development of socioeconomic.It is of great significance to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of animal husbandry in rocky desertification grassland for revealing the coordination between the implementation and effectiveness of grassland animal husbandry and the production benefits of animal husbandry.According to the theories of geography,remote sensing,grassland science and animal husbandry on spatial heterogeneity,spectral difference of ground objects and integrity of grassland ecosystem,this paper aims at the technical requirements and scientific problems such as the integration of grassland animal husbandry benefit monitoring and informatization,quantitative benefit evaluation index system and model construction according to local conditions,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang,Bijie Salaxi and Shibing karst are selected as study areas in Guizhou plateau mountainous area,which represents the overall structure of karst rocky desertification ecological environment in South China.Based on the data of satellite remote sensing,aerial remote sensing and ground monitoring from 2015 to 2020,using the methods of frequency statistics,theoretical analysis,expert consultation,analytic hierarchy process,static and dynamic analysis,the monitoring and evaluation index system and evaluation model of comprehensive benefits of grassland animal husbandry in rocky desertification control were constructed.Based on the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of animal husbandry in different rocky desertification levels,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development,and provides scientific and technological reference for the national and local rocky desertification control grassland ecological restoration and ecological animal husbandry development.(1)Based on the research objectives and the requirements of time continuity,spatial resolution and data acquisition cost,the multi platform,multi space time,multi-resolution and multi-scale data were obtained.It including: two landsat-8 medium resolution remote sensing images in2015 and 2020,2m resolution GF and ZY satellite data in 2020,high-precision UAV image data,ground grassland sample data,social and economic data,integrated the sky ground integrated dynamic monitoring system to meet the needs of time,space and accuracy to realize the integration of dynamic monitoring and evaluation of comprehensive benefits of grassland animal husbandry and information technology.In the further research,radar remote sensing and hyperspectral ground monitoring data can be introduced to enrich the data types and monitoring means,which is more conducive to improving the monitoring accuracy.(2)The increasing rate of vegetation coverage is directly proportional to the degree of rocky desertification,and the increasing rate of average aboveground biomass is inversely proportional to the degree of rocky desertification.The overall trend of rocky desertification evolution is from high-grade rocky desertification to low-grade rocky desertification,and from rocky desertification to non rocky desertification.The deeper the degree of rocky desertification is,the more remarkable the effect of rocky desertification control is.From the change of vegetation coverage from 2015 to 2020,the average vegetation coverage of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang increased from 38.50% to 57.87%,the average vegetation coverage of Bijie Salaxi increased from 53.03% to61.19%,the average vegetation coverage of Shibing karst decreased from58.45% to 58.20%,and the average growth rates of vegetation coverage in different rocky desertification grades were 52.63%,15.09% and 0%respectively.It can be found that from 2015 to 2020,the vegetation coverage increases faster with the degree of rocky desertification.The Shibing karst vegetation without potential rocky desertification is better protected,and the potential slight rocky desertification and medium intensity rocky desertification areas have better vegetation restoration,and the ecological environment has been greatly improved.The average aboveground biomass density of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang increased from 478.55 g/m2 to 708.52 g/m2,the growth rate was 48.06%.The average aboveground biomass density of Bijie Salaxi increased from703.39 g/m2 to 1544.96 g/m2,the growth rate was 119.64%.The average aboveground biomass density of Shibing karst decreased from 1632.85g/m2 to 1035.97 g/m2,the growth rate was-36.55%,and the overall performance of grassland aboveground biomass is that the deeper the degree of rocky desertification is,the smaller the density is.As a world natural heritage protection area,Shibing karst has a higher level of grassland biomass density,and the restoration of grassland ecosystems in Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Bijie Salaxi are better.In view of the strong heterogeneity of grassland ecosystem in different rocky desertification areas,the government should formulate clear objectives and specific measures for grassland management and protection,and encourage farmers to grow grass,which can effectively reduce the ratio of bare soil and improve the surface vegetation coverage.(3)The comprehensive benefit evaluation index system including 13 specific indicators,including ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit,is constructed by using frequency statistics,theoretical analysis,expert consultation and field investigation to select indicators.The weight of the indicators is given by expert scoring and layer analysis.The comprehensive benefit evaluation model of animal husbandry in rocky desertification grassland was established.The ratio of ecological benefit to social benefit is 0.4934 : 0.3108 : 0.1958.The results show that the proportion of light and less rocky desertification area in the study area C4,per capita animal husbandry output value C6,vegetation coverage C1,average grassland aboveground biomass C3,per capita cultivated land area C12 have the greatest impact on the comprehensive benefit evaluation,and the weight sum of these five indicators reaches 61.78% of the weight of the target layer,which indicates that the comprehensive benefit of grassland animal husbandry under rocky desertification control mainly comes from these five indicators now.(4)From 2015 to 2020,the ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit of grassland animal husbandry under rocky desertification control showed that the growth rate of three kinds of benefits in non potential rocky desertification area was the smallest,the growth rate of economic benefit in potential light rocky desertification area was the largest,and the growth rate of ecological benefit and social benefit in medium intensity rocky desertification area was the largest.The results show that from 2015 to 2020,the ecological benefit increase rate of Shibing is negative,but the ecological benefit in different periods is higher than that in Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Bijie Salaxi study areas,and the calculated value of ecological benefit in different periods has a negative correlation with the degree of rocky desertification.The economic benefit of potential light rocky desertification study area was relatively the lowest in 2015(0.1375),but the fastest growth rate in 2020(85.98%),indicating that potential light rocky desertification area has more development advantages than medium intensity rocky desertification area and non potential rocky desertification area in economic development.The relationship between social benefits and different degrees of rocky desertification is similar to the change law of ecological benefits,showing no potential in different periods.The social benefits in rocky desertification area is the highest,but the growth rate is the lowest,which indicates that the deeper the degree of rocky desertification,the greater the development potential of regional social benefits.(5)On the basis of comprehensive benefit evaluation,combined with the requirements of ecological civilization construction put forward by the state,precise poverty alleviation thought and sustainable development concept,the linkage analysis method of two mountain benefit,poverty alleviation benefit and sustainable benefit is proposed.During 2015-2020,the comprehensive benefit of Shibing is the best,and the comprehensive benefit promotion rate is the smallest;in 2015,the comprehensive benefit of Bijie Salaxi is the worst,but the comprehensive benefit promotion rate is the largest;the comprehensive benefit promotion rate of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang is between the two.In2015,the benefit of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang mountain was the worst,Bijie Salaxi was slightly better than Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang,and Shibing was the best;with the change of time,the benefit of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang became better or remained stable,but the benefit of different study areas showed different change characteristics;by 2020,the benefit of Bijie Salaxi was relatively best,followed by Shibing;Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang was the worst,and the change speed was faster.The results showed that the rate was 37.26% in Bijie Salaxi,26.41% in Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and 0% in Shibing karst.In 2015,the poverty alleviation benefit of Bijie Salaxi is the worst,that of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang is the best,and that of Shibing karst is in the middle;by 2020,the poverty alleviation benefit will change from high to low: Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang > Bijie Salaxi > Shibing karst,and the growth rate from fast to slow is: Bijie Salaxi(52.12%)>Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang(27.90%)> Shibing karst(14.49%).From2015 to 2020,the relative laws of sustainable benefits of the three research areas are consistent,which are as follows: Shibing karst > Bijie Salaxi > Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang.With the change of time,the change laws of sustainable benefits are different;in the change direction,the sustainability of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Bijie Salaxi increases,while the sustainability of Shibing karst slightly decreases;in the change rate,the sustainable benefits of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Bijie Salaxi increase(43%)> Salaxi(16.98%)> Shibing karst(-4.26%).The analysis method is more intuitive and scientific to grasp the coordinated development of each subsystem. |
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