| World Natural Heritage Site is a treasure endowed by nature to human beings.It is characterized by typicality,uniqueness,irreplaceability and high value.It not only has great social,scientific and environmental value,but also has tourism value that other tourism resources can't match.It is of great significance for promoting sustainable tourism development,protecting and restoring the state of ecological environment to carry out the landscape health diagnosis of the world natural heritage sites and to study the dynamic changes of the landscape and the health status of the landscape of the natural heritage sites.Based on multidisciplinary theories,such as landscape ecology,tourism,geography and so on,this study follows the idea of "basic theory of landscape ecology-Classification of remote sensing images in research areas-landscape dynamic change-landscape health diagnosis-sustainable development countermeasures",relying on multi-source remote sensing images,and from the concept,characteristics and basis of landscape health in world natural Heritage sites".Based on the theory and criteria,through image interpretation,using supervised classification method,landscape pattern evolution analysis method,index system method,regional grid analysis method,coefficient of variation method,Arc GIS spatial interpolation,landscape health diagnostic index and other models and methods,taking Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang as an example,the landscape composition and landscape change of the world natural Heritage site were analyzed.A systematic and in-depth empirical study was conducted on the characteristics of landscape,landscape pattern evolution,landscape health status,and sustainable conservation development.(1)Systematic analysis of the concept,connotation,theoretical basis,landscape ecological classification,health standards,basic processes and basic methods of landscape health in heritage sites.The basic theories of landscape health diagnosis of heritage sites include landscape hierarchy system theory,landscape heterogeneity,landscape pattern,landscape pattern-process,sustainable development theory etc.Qualitative criteria and quantitative criteria are two kinds of criteria for landscape health of World Natural Heritage Sites.Based on the research results of landscape health assessment,ecological health and other landscape health standards,the landscape health status is divided into five levels,namely "best","good","general","worse" and "bad".The landscape health diagnosis system of World Natural Heritage Sites consists of four parts: landscape stress degree,landscape vitality,landscape resilience and landscape service value.In practice,the basic process of "data acquisition-dynamic evolution analysis of landscape pattern-landscape health diagnosis-health analysis-Landscape protective development countermeasures" is followed.(2)Studied landscape changes about Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang.The landscape composition,landscape area changed and landscape pattern characteristics of the study area were analyzed.From the perspective of landscape structure change,grassland landscape,coniferous forest landscape and bare land landscape are the matrix landscape in the study area.From the view of landscape area change,theropencedrymion landscape has the largest turning area,bare land landscape has the largest turning area and height,and ice landscape have the largest reduction.From the dynamic point of view,there are great differences among different types of landscape.From the perspective of landscape pattern change,landscape aggregation index,Interspersion and juxtaposition index,Fractal dimension index and Patch cohesion index remained relatively stable;patch density,landscape shape index and landscape diversity showed an overall upward trend,and each landscape showed a balanced trend distribution in the overall landscape.(3)Landscape health diagnosis in Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang is based on the previous studies on landscape health assessment,ecosystem health assessment and other landscape health assessment.The index system of landscape health diagnosis in Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang is constructed.The weight of each evaluation index is determined by objective weighted variation method.Through gridding the study area and calculating the diagnostic mean of landscape health in the study area,in order to understand the spatial distribution of landscape health in the study area,the result map of landscape health diagnosis in the study area was made by Arc GIS spatial interpolation method,and the landscape health status in Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site,Xinjiang was analyzed.The results showed that except for the poor health of landscape in 1977,the health of landscape in other research periods was general;the health status of landscape in the study area continued to increase from 1997 to 2017;overall,the health status of landscape in the northern region was better than that in the southern region.(4)Problems and Countermeasures in sustainable conservation development of Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang.Based on the analysis of landscape change and spatial-temporal dynamic diagnosis of landscape health,the paper puts forward the problems and solutions in the sustainable development of the study area from six aspects: the continuous expansion of bare land area,the unbalanced state of theropencedrymion,monitoring system,the natural heritage Outstanding Universal Value,management institutions,publicity and education etc.It lays a foundation for the sustainable development of Kalajun-Kurderning region of Tianshan natural heritage site in Xinjiang. |
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