Diversity Of Bird Community And Its Influencing Factors In Changchun Lake,Qixia City

The rapid increase in global urbanization has seriously damaged the original ecological environment,hindered the healthy development of the ecological environment,and affected wild bird reproduction and habitat.As one of the important coastal cities,Yantai has accelerated its urbanization process in recent years,which has a great impact on wild birds in Yantai.However,in recent years,research on the impact of Yantai cities on birds is scarce.Therefore,from 2017 to2020,this article analyzes the diversity and structural characteristics of bird communities in Changchun Lake,Qixia,Yantai,studies the impact of urbanization on summer breeding birds in different habitats,and studies whether the winter temperature change in Changchun Lake is an effect.The main factors of wintering waterbirds,and put forward corresponding protection recommendations.The research results are as follows:1.Three years of field monitoring of the bird community in Changchun Lake,a total of 105bird species were recorded,belonging to 15 families and 40 families.Passerines are the most abundant species,recording 46 species in 22 families,accounting for 55%and 43.81%of the total bird families and total species recorded in Changchun Lake.A total of 59 species of 18 families and16 orders were recorded from non-passerine birds,among which 15 species of birds from 4 families were recorded,accounting for 10%of the total number of families and 14.29%of the total number of species;There are only 12 species of ducks in the genus,accounting for 11.43%of the total number of species;11 species of birds of the heron family,pelicanidae,account for 9.52%of the total number of species.There are 34 species of summer migratory birds,accounting for 32.38%of the total species;30 species of migratory birds,accounting for 28.57%;26 species of migratory birds,accounting for 24.76%;and 15 species of winter migratory birds,accounting for 14.29%.46species of songbirds,accounting for 43.81%;29 species of waders,accounting for 27.62%;14species of birds,accounting for 13.33%;7 species of raptors,accounting for 6.67%;6 species of land birds,accounting for 5.71%;3 species of climbing birds,accounting for 2.86%.Among the surveyed birds,one species of key national protection class?is Oriental White Stork,and eight species of key protection class?birds.2.The seasonal variation of the number of bird species in Changchun Lake is more obvious.The monthly dynamics of the number of bird species in the two years reached their peaks in May in summer,46 in 2018 and 58 in 2019,respectively.The monthly dynamics of the number of bird species was a minimum of 10 in February 2018.Seasonal changes in the total number of species are:summer birds>spring birds>autumn birds>winter birds.3.Summer breeding bird habitats are divided into four types according to different habitat types,namely suburban wet areas,urban wet areas,woodland farmland areas,and village residential areas.The species number,individual number,diversity index,and bird density of the four habitat birds are in the order of wet suburban areas>urban wetlands>woodland farmland areas>residential village areas.The diversity index and bird density(3.835±1.41 birds/hm2)were highest in suburban wet areas,and the number of species reached a peak in May each year,41species in 2018 and 43 species in 2019.The bird community diversity index,bird density(1±0.24birds/hm2)and species number were the lowest in the village residential area,and the lowest value was 6 species in June 2019.4.The bird richness index and bird density of the three habitats of suburban wet areas,urban wet areas and woodland farmland areas decrease with the increase of urbanization level,but the bird richness of rural residential areas with the urbanization level Increase slightly.The correlation of six urbanization factors to the bird community characteristics of the four habitat types shows that human flow,vehicle flow,noise,vegetation coverage,and building proportion are the main factors affecting the breeding bird community in summer.5.Every year,from December to February of the following winter,the waterfowl community in the stable period is investigated.A total of 20 species of waterbirds are recorded,belonging to 5families and 6 families.The waterfowl species are mainly ducks of the order Anseridae,with a total of 9 species,accounting for 45%of the total number of waterfowl species in the stable wintering period.From 2017 to 2019,the correlation analysis of the number of species and individual numbers of waterfowls in the winter overwintering period was negatively correlated with the temperature change,but it was not significant.There was a significant negative correlation between duck and maximum temperature(R=-0.603~*,P<0.05).At the same time,the interspecies correlation analysis of 11 species of duckfowl waterfowls over time showed that there were extremely significant correlations between six pairs of wild ducks and one pair.