| Yangshimu is located in Anfu County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province.It is adjacent to Wugong Mountain Scenic Area on the southwest,Wanlong Township of Pingxiang City in the northwest,and Mingyue Mountain of Yichun City in the northeast.Location: E 114°15?18?-E 114°18?32?,N27°29?53?-N 27°34?19 ?.The geological structure is mainly composed of granite core complex structure and peak cliff geomorphology.The mountain body is mainly composed of gneiss,granite and limestone.the terrain is steep and upright,with special habitats such as mountain peaks,lone peaks,remnants,and melting spots,Located in the mid-subtropics,annual average temperature is12 ?-15 ?,annual average precipitation is 1800-2000 mm,having unique habitats,abundant precipitation,and rich plant resources.Through detailed field investigations,a total of 496 collections and 1179 specimens were collected.By consulting relevant data,a list of lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu was identified and sorted out.The resources and ecological characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu were analyzed.The ornamental characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu were evaluated.Ferns with high ornamental value and high development potential were selected.And spore propagation experiment was conducted.The effects of different factors on spore germination,gametophyte and sporophyte were discussed,and the development process of ornamental ferns was described and compared.The following conclusions were reached:(1)There are 167 species,66 genera and 23 families of lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu,including lycophytes of 14 species,4 genera and 2 families,and ferns of 153 species,62 genera and 20 families.Yangshimu lycophytes and ferns are rich in ecological types,mostly terrestrial,then followed by epiphytic,and aquatic the least.(2)There are 119 species,58 genera and 20 families of medicinal lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu,including lycophytes of 13 species,2 families and 4 genera,and ferns of 106 species,54 genera and 18 families.According to medicinal effects,they can be sorted into four categories:clearing heat and detoxicating,relieving cough and reducing sputum(43 species);relaxing muscles and stimulating blood circulation,dispelling wind and eliminating dampness(42 species);clearing heat and freeing strangury,inducing diuresis to alleviate edema(28 species);clearing inflammation detoxification,antipyretic shock(6 species).(3)There are 15 species,12 genera and 9 families of edible lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu.Most of the edible species are from Pteridaceae and Athyriaceae.Most of them would have their young leaves collected as food,such as Pteridium aquilinum var.Latiusculum,Osmunda japonica,etc;Some species(Drynaria roosii,Woodwardia japonica,etc.)have rhizomes rich in starch,which can be extracted directly or brewed,(4)Based on the evaluation of the ornamental characteristics of lycophytes and ferns,16 species of ferns with high ornamental value were selected in Yangshimu,and their frond shape,frond color,plant type and overall ornamental for ornamental value evaluation and stress resistance were analyzed.As a result,it was found that the five species of Macrothelypteris torresiana,Cyclosorus acuminatus,Cyclosorus parasiticus,Dryopteris fuscipes,and Cyclosorus dentatus have high ornamental value and strong stress resistance.These five species may have great prospects on promotion and application.(5)Light conditions and three kinds of soil water extract will affect the spore germination of the above five species of ornamental ferns.Among them,light conditions have a great impact and are important factors affecting spore germination.The three kinds of soil water extract have little effect and are not important factors affecting spore germination.(6)To Cyclosorus acuminatus,the three soil matrices have almost no effect on the development time,development rate,and individual number of the gametophytes and sporophytes.However,to Cyclosorus dentatus,Macrothelypteris torresiana,Dryopteris fuscipes,and Cyclosorus parasiticus,the three soil matrices have effect on the development time,development rate and individual number of gametophyte and sporophyte,although some differences exist.The results show,the four ornamental ferns,humus soil have the best effect on their gametophytes and sporophytes development time,development rate and individual number,indicating humus soil is the most suitable for spore breeding of these four ornamental ferns.(7)The development process of spores of five ornamental ferns is similar.From spore germination to sporophyte,they all go through five stages: which are germination stage,filament stage,prothallial stage,prothallus stage and sporophytic stages.The five species of ornamental ferns have no difference on the time of spore germination,formation of formation,prothallial and prothallus.However,the differences on the formation time of sporophytes are obvious.The time required for the sporophyte formation of Cyclosorus dentatus,Macrothelypteris torresiana,Dryopteris fuscipes,Cyclosorus parasiticus and Cyclosorus acuminatus are 40 days,40 days,58 days,50 days and 54 days,respectively.In terms of the number of protophytes and sporophytes,with the exception of Cyclosorus acuminatus,the other four species of ornamental ferns have little difference,with more than 200 gametophytes and more than 150 sporophytes per pot.In summary,The medicinal,edible,ornamental lycophytes and ferns plants are relatively abundant in Yangshimu.The development process of the five kinds of ornamental ferns is similar and different.The effects of light,darkness and soil extract on the spore germination of five ornamental ferns are different.Different soil substrates have different effects on the development time,development rate and number of gametophytes and sporophytes of five ornamental ferns.The five ferns have the best breeding effect in humus soil matrix.Provide information for the utilization of the resources of lycophytes and ferns in Yangshimu and artificial propagation and batch breeding of 5 ornamental ferns. |
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