Investigation Of Macrofungi Resources In Shennongjia And Artificial Culture Of Cordyceps Cicadae Fruit Body

Shennongjia Forestry District that covering more than 85% of the forest is located in the north west of Hubei Province with average altitude of more than 1800 meters.Shennongjia belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon climate zone,which is a transitional zone from subtropical climate to temperate climate.The forest area is rich in biodiversity.Macrofungi play an important role in material circulation and energy flow in natural ecosystem.Some of them are edible fungi or medicinal fungi and dual-purpose fungi.Before 1984,there were few studies and reports on the resources of macrofungi in Shennongjia forestry district.This study investigated the resources of macrofungi in parts of Shennongjia area in August,2017 and July to August,2018.The macrofungi of Shennongjia were classified and identified by the combination of ITS sequence alignment and traditional morphological identification methods.Cordyceps cicadae is a kind macrofungus with high value and abundant distribution in the area.The artificial culture condition and its active substance of Cordyceps cicadae has been studied preliminarily.The main results are as follows:(1)More than 700 samples of macrofungi had been collected and got more than400 kinds of living specimens from the samples.The fungi from Shennongjia belonged to 120 species,67 genera,37 families identified by the combination of ITS sequence alignment and traditional morphological identification methods.Among which,4 species were newly recorded in China and 7 species in Hubei.A list of macrofungi in Shennongjia was compiled.The dominant families of macrofungi in Shennongjia were Agaricaceae,Bolbitiaceae,Cortinariaceae,Hymenochaetaceae,Polyporaceae,Omphalotaceae,Russulaceae and Tricholomataceae.The dominant families were Amanita?Conocybe?Inocybe?Antrodia?Sanghuangporu?Trametes?Marasmius?Gymnopus?Gymnopus?Psathyrella?Lactifluus?Russula.The macro fungi of the above families and genera have competitive advantages under natural conditions in Shennongjia.(2)There were obvious differences in the distribution of macrofungi in different vegetation types in Shennongjia.The distribution of species diversity followed the order: mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest > broad-leaved forest > coniferous forest belt > shrub forest and meadow,Lactifluus was the most widely distributed genus.The most species of macrofungi were found in the range of 2000-2500 m above sea level,and most of them grew in the range of 1500-2500 m above sea level.(3)The mycelium of Cordyceps cicadae was best cultured in the cicadae-PDA medium at 23 C.The fruit body of Cordyceps cicadae with high sensory quality were successfully cultured artificially.The fruit body were yellow and thick with branches.When the ratio of liquid to material was 2.4 and the ratio of pupa powder was 25%,the dry weight of fruit body of Cordyceps cicadae was the highest.(4)The polysaccharides,cordycepic acid and cordycepin in the fruit body of Cordyceps cicadae were analysed.The polysaccharides and cordycepin were detected by spectrophotometry and cordycepin by HPLC.The contents of the three active substances were 110.0,38.62 and 0.3232 mg/g,respectively.The contents of the three active substances were higher than those of the wild Cordyceps cicadae in Shennongjia.The content of polysaccharide was lower and the other two kind of active substances from the cultured Cordyceps cicadae were higher than that of the wild Cordyceps militaris grew in Dabie Mountains.Compared with the artificially cultured Cordyceps militaris fruit body,the content of polysaccharide and cordycepic acid from the cultured Cordyceps cicadae had no obvious difference,but the content of cordycepin was obviously different.