Germplasm Collection And Activity Screening Of Macrofungi In Beijing Region

Macrofungi are a class of higher fungi that can form large fruiting bodies.The macrofungi present a diversified morphology and are widely used as edible and medicinal fungi in China.Differentiation of fruiting body is considered to be affected by various environmental factors and genetic factors.At present,some macrofungi with important edible and medicinal value are still unable to be cultivated under artificial conditions.In this research,the macrofungi resources in Beijing region were collected and the fungal strains were isolated.Research works associated with pharmacological activity screening,fruiting body induction,nutrient composition determination and culture characteristics of the isolated strains were carried out.It is respected that this research can lay basis for germplasm conservation and development and utilization of macrofungi resources in Beijing region.The main research works include the following aspects:1?From 2016 to 2018,macrofungi distributed in 8 different regions in Beijing were collected,including Yunmeng Mountain,Wuling Mountain,Baihua Mountain,Miaofeng Mountain,Puwa,Jiufeng,Baiwang Mountain and White Tiger Jian.In total,318 macrofungal samples were collected.All the samples were identified to 170 species,belonging to 2 phyla,5 classes,17 orders,50 families and 99 genera.Among these fungal species,36 and 30 species were recorded as edible fungi and medicinal fungi,respectively.2?Isolation of fungal strains from all the 318 macrofungal samples were carried out.Finally,166 fungal isolates were successfully isolated.These isolated fungal isolates identified to 104 species belonging to 2 phyla,4 classes,14 orders,41 families,76 genera,including 73 species(70.19%)of basidiomycetes and 31 species(29.81%)of ascomycetes.All basidiomycete isolates well matched the original fruiting body via molecular identification.3?70 strains were screened for activity of anti-atherosclerosis,anti-Escherichia coli,anti-Mycobacterium smegmatis,and 47 strains were screened for activity of anti-hepatocarcinoma cell lines.4 and 26 strains present activity of anti-M smegmatis and inhibiting liver cancer cell line were detected,respectively.4?30 medicinal and edible fungal strains were selected to inducing fruiting body under artificial culture conditions.Among which,10 strains produced primordia,and 6 strains produced mature fruiting body,those are Pleurotus pulmonarius,Flammulina fennae,Pholiota adiposa,Daedaleopsis confragosa,Funalia trogii and Lenzites betulinus.5?The nutrients components in 5 artificially induced fruiting body(Flammulina fennae,Lenzites betulinus,Daedaleopsis confragosa,Pleurotus pulmonarius,Pholiota adipose)were determined.The results showed that P.pulmonarius,F.fennae and P.adiposa have higher nutritional value than others and have the potential to be further developed as edible fungi.6?The culture characteristics of Flammulina fennae and Lenzites betulinus were further studied.Development process of fruiting body under artificial conditions was observed and optimum growth conditions were determinated.Extracellular enzyme activity during the liquid fermentation and fruiting body differentiation process were also examined.The results showed that the enzyme activity rise first and then fall.The most suitable nitrogen source is yeast soaking powder,while the carbon source is maltose and pH is 6.