Avalanche runout prediction for short slopes

Avalanche experts recognize that short slopes have different runout characteristics when compared to taller slopes. There have been several residential avalanche accidents in Canada on or near short slopes, yet little research has been conducted in this field.;Data were collected at 48 short slope paths in four Canadian mountain ranges, including the Coast, Columbia, Rocky Mountains and Quebec ranges. Field studies included topographic surveys and estimation of extreme runout distance in each path.;Statistical runout models were developed using the runout ratio and multiple regression methods. Regional differences between mountain ranges were not apparent in the models. Probabilistic runout estimates are provided by these models, which are best applied to avalanche paths less than 275 m high.;A model was developed using multiple regression methods to estimate the average friction coefficient for use in an avalanche dynamics model. This model relates the average friction coefficient to two topographic variables.