Modele de representation de la chaine logistique de matieres dangereuses: Un essai de representation plus precise pour la gestion des risques

The reduction of costs and the increase of consumer services gave logistics a very important place in today's industrial activities. Thus the efficiency of this became vital. Many studies try to optimize logistical solutions for enterprise, formulating strategies of sub-contracting, temporary stocking, crushing down delays etc.; On the other hand, public authorities keep trying to reduce the exposure of their citizens to risk. In the field of logistics this is driven by introducing regulations to impose standards on devices used, processing standards, maximum limits on storage quantities etc. All of these rules impact on the range of choices that firms have to continue optimizing their supply chain and maintain low costs and competitive services for customers.; So it can be seen that enterprises carrying, stocking or handling hazardous goods try to follow the same methods of optimization for their supply chain as enterprises dealing with non-hazardous goods. Nevertheless, these logistical strategies to optimize non-harmful supply chains don't take into account the parameter of "risk" into their management of the supply chain. Thus, this direct application of logistical strategies coming from enterprises dealing with harmless goods to the activities of hazardous goods based enterprises raises some concerns.; Hence, the aim of this study is to introduce the variable of risk in graphical representations of supply chains, to take the first step forward in the introduction of it into the management of the supply chain as a whole.; To do this the study firstly puts forward a brief statement of the types of representations used to show supply chains today and analyzes the advantages and the drawbacks of each in order to obtain the best combination of them. The study also presents a statement of methods of industrial risk assessment currently in use.; In its second phase this study analyzes the state of French Canadian regulation in the area of logistics with hazardous goods. This statement allows us to understand how the regulation in this area is complex and to notice the important difference the regulations impose between the responsibilities owed for undertaking a logistical activity involving hazardous goods and the responsibilities due to the ownership of a hazardous good.; Then the study aims to understand the special features of the concept of risk in the context of a supply chain and proposes a new representation for modeling industrial risk in the environment of a hazardous goods supply chain. This new conceptualization especially highlights the importance of special parameters (like quantity), which are simultaneously internal and modifiable by external actors.; Finally the study proposes modifications to apply to current tolls used to represent supply chains, in order to introduce the consideration of risk. It presents a new graphical representation which principally brings an equal representation of transport and storage phases, and also emphasizes phases of handling and contractual links. Then the study applies a test of the new representation on a real case of a hazardous goods supply chain.; To conclude, this study shows how current tools to represent supply chains in logistics are not precise enough to well take into account risk's problems and need to have to introduce some other parameters currently poorly or not at all represented.