| Led by the national policy of public transit priority,major cities throughout China successively give priority to the development of public transit.Owing to its quasi-publicity,the ground public transit industry is confronted with increasingly prominent contradictions between public welfare and profit-making nature during its development,which has hindered the sound development of the industry.Reforms on the ground public transit industry rise one after another among cities.The century-old ground public transit in Shanghai has been widely concerned by national counterparts on its industrial reform.Reforms on the ground public transit industry in all cities invariably focus on coping with the relation between public welfare and profit-making nature.Public subsidy serves as the foundation of public service in the ground public transit industry so the impacts of different subsidy mechanisms on the operatingefficiency have become key “indicators” to verify the success or failure of reforms.Studying the operating reform of urban ground public transit based on public subsidy is of great significance and plays an important role in comprehensively promoting the construction of public transit cities during the “13th Five-Year Plan” in China.As a microcosm of China’s century-old public transit,Shanghai ground public transit has carried dreams and efforts of generations of transit personnel for the industrial reform.In the paper,literature study has been adopted to review Shanghai ground public transit on its variable relations and actual effects between government subsidy mechanism and industry operating efficiency generated from all previous reforms.The theory of polycentric governance has been applied to analyze problems of Shanghai ground public transit in pure public welfare periods and pure profit-making periods along with corresponding causes.Meanwhile,the case study method has been adopted when Shanghai BA-SHI Pubic Transport(Group)Co.,Ltd.,a representative enterprise for the latest in-depth reform in Shanghai public transit,is taken as the case study.The status of operating reform of Shanghai ground public transit based on public subsidy has been further studied by learning practices and effects of subsidy mechanism and operating efficiency from other domestic and foreign cities through the comparative approach and applying the principal-agent theory as well as the public-private partnership theory(PPP).Industry executives,business leaders and employees have been interviewed through the interview research to figure out a series of problems and corresponding causes of fully responsible subsidy,regional operation,unitary ownership and lagging legislative guarantee.In addition,corresponding countermeasures have been respectively proposed to play the role of comprehensive subsidies,perfect regional supervision and assessment,introduce the competition of various ownership and accelerate relevant legislation for the ground public transit,which has realized the effective promotion of operating efficiency of urban ground public transit under reasonable public subsidy mechanism,thus to provide a better ground public transit service for the travel of urban inhabitants. |
