A Comparative Study On The Per Capita Wage Gap Of Listed Companies

The Gini coefficient of Chinese residents’ income has exceeded the international warning line by 0.4 since 2000,and has increased year by year since 2015,from 0.462 in 2015 to 0.467 in 2017.In 2016,the per capita disposable income of the top 20% of Chinese residents was 59259 yuan,while that of the latter 20% was 5528 yuan,a difference of 10.7 times.In 2017,the computer software industry with the highest per capita wage was 96646 yuan more than the agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery industry with the lowest per capita wage.From 2010 to 2014,the government work report mentions the reform of income distribution system for five consecutive years: in 2010,it mentions the distribution of social wealth through a reasonable income distribution system.In 2011,emphasis was placed on improving the basic income of low-income groups.For the first time in 2012,the overall plan for the reform of income distribution system was clearly designated,and the minimum wage standard was steadily raised.In 2013,four requirements were put forward,such as gradually narrowing the income distribution gap.Most of the existing studies focus on the income gap of all residents.This paper takes A-share listed companies in China as the research object to study the degree of wage gap,the degree of inequity and the evolution law.By the end of 2017,this paper studies the wage gap of 213.544 million employees in 3486 A-share listed companies.It involves the absolute amount,relative amount,coefficient of variation,Theil index and its decomposition of per capita wages in different industries,enterprises of different ownership and enterprises of different scales.This paper also uses the non-equilibrium panel data regression model to study the impact of industry type,enterprise ownership and enterprise scale on the per capita wage of employees.First,the industry with the highest per capita wage is the financial industry,leading the lowest agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery by 298,300 yuan,but the extremum ratio of per capita wage among industries is decreasing,from 5.4 times to 4.32 times.As the industry that absorbs the most workers,the average wage per capita ranks the last five in the industry,with a growth rate of only 5.76%.The per capita wage inequality between industries is mainly caused by the inequality within the secondary and tertiary industries.The contribution rate of the tertiary industry is the highest,reaching 50%.The third industry has the greatest impact on the per capita wage gap.Compared with the first industry,the impact on the per capita wage gap of employees has increased by 0.447 units.Secondly,the per capita wage of state-owned listed companies is always higher than that of non-state-owned employees,which is 41,255 yuan higher in 2017,and the gap is expanding in a fluctuating manner.Private enterprises have the greatest degree of internal inequality,with a range of 157,9460 yuan in 2017,followed by state-owned enterprises,with a range of 753,258 yuan in 2017.State-owned enterprises have the greatest impact on the per capita wage gap.Compared with private enterprises,the impact on the per capita wage gap will increase by 0.161 units.Third,the per capita wages of employees in large-scale enterprises are 50,856 yuan higher than those in small-scale enterprises.Only the average wage per employee of small-scale enterprises is increasing year by year,and the average wage per employee of medium-sized enterprises and large-scale enterprises is changing in an inverted "U" pattern.The average growth rate of per capita wage in medium-sized enterprises is the highest in five years,while that in large-scale enterprises is the lowest.The inequality within small-scale enterprises is the greatest,with a range of 1740,780 yuan in 2017,followed by large and medium-sized enterprises.For every unit increase in enterprise size,the per capita wage gap increases by 5.3%.The policy suggestions in this paper are as follows: speed up the research and development of intelligent manufacturing technology,improve the per capita productivity of manufacturing industry,speed up the reform of the wage system of state-owned enterprises,set up the budget management mechanism of total wages,and classify and determine the linkage mechanism of wage benefits.