A Comparative Study Of Policy Paths And Institutional Paths For Controlling The Cost Of Urbanization

In a sense,urbanization is a process of transformation from rural areas to urban areas.The traditional path of rural to urban transformation is to change the collective ownership of land into state ownership as the starting point.Accordingly,household registration,social security and social governance will be transformed.Under this institutional arrangement,the government,while gaining the space for development and construction and land transfer income,bears the costs of land conversion,household registration transformation,social security transition and governance transformation.With the economic and social development and the expansion of urban land demand,the increasing cost of urbanization makes the government bear a heavy burden.In this context,the cost of urbanization has become an obstacle to the healthy development of urbanization.The cost of urbanization includes the expenditure of improving people's living services and the cost of land urbanization.The former is not changed by the change of urbanization mode,which is called invariable cost.The latter is a unique and easily changing mode of passive urbanization,which is called variable cost.The Passive Urbanization Model Based on land expropriation has been constantly adjusted and perfected to meet the compensation needs of the expropriated peasants,but in fact,the cost of urbanization has been increased due to the game among all parties.To control or even reduce the cost of urbanization is not to reduce the expenditure on improving farmers' life and services,but to reduce the ineffective increase of costs caused by passive urbanization through cost sharing.The basic viewpoint put forward and verified in this paper is that institutional path is an effective way to control the cost of urbanization.Empirical analysis is carried out from two aspects of historical experience and model.Due to the lack of data on urbanization cost in current statistics,this paper demonstrates the inevitability of urbanization cost promotion by using game theory,verifies the possibility of urbanization by land expropriation in different areas by cluster analysis of village census data,and demonstrates the reality of cost sharing between government expenditure and farmers by case method.Daxing District is a typical urbanization area with policy-oriented adjustment and institutional breakthroughs.In recent years,the cost of urbanization in most areas is mainly borne by the government,while in a few areas,there are two modes of cost sharing of autonomous urbanization formed spontaneously by the grass-roots level.Through the empirical study and case analysis of villages in Daxing District,it is concluded that the passive urbanization mode by means of land expropriation and relocation is not universally applicable,and there is a beneficial exploration of farmers' autonomous urbanization in practice.Therefore,the "policy path" of adjusting compensation policy under the urbanization mode can only lead to the increasing cost of urbanization.In order to control the cost of urbanization fundamentally and not to increase ineffectively,we must find a way out from the system and mechanism level.Practice has proved that changing the way of land expropriation as the starting point of urbanization from the source,allowing peasants to transform and construct their way of life on collective ownership construction land,and taking the road of self-urbanization to bear part of the construction previously borne by the government,so as to realize that peasants and the government share the cost of urbanization together,so as to change the situation of "bargaining" and achieve harmony and stability.The natural result of urbanization.Establish a government-led passive urbanization and an autonomous and active urbanization parallel urbanization model,fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of farmers,contribute to the construction of urbanization,and share the results in the development of urbanization.