A Preliminary Study Of The New Times, A Giant Of Commercial Media In The Tsarist Russia Era

From 1960s to the October Revolution,Russia has experienced a complex period of reform and feudalism,development and shackles,but it was in this period that the loose social structure and mechanism provided a certain space for the development of press and publication,and also provided favorable conditions for the production of commercial press:economically,with the serfdom reform in the 1960s,the social structure was greatly adjusted.At the end of the 19th century,the industrial reform of Russia was completed,which provided conditions for large-scale news production and distribution.In terms of culture,the strengthening of basic education,especially those in rural areas,has improved the literacy rate,and created a wider audience for newspapers and periodicals.In terms of system,the censorship was in a relatively loose state,which promoted the development of private newspapers.In this context,Novoe Vremya started to publication in 1868.From 1868 to 1875,it experienced four changes of ownership,each of which failed to escape the fate of suspension.Until 1876,Alexei Suvorin bought Novoe Vremya from its previous owner.He revised Novoe Vremya,adding the space of advertisement and comic pages,and expanded the newspaper to two editions in the morning and evening,covering the cities and villages around St.Petersburg and Moscow.At that time,Novoe Vremya reached its peak,becoming one of the largest circulation newspapers in Russia at that time,with an average daily circulation of 60000.On this basis,Suvorin also established his commercial empire,involving book publishing companies,theatre and other fields.In the 1890s,with the climax of the Russian workers' movement,Lenin strongly criticized Novoe Vremya and Suvorin's servile attitude towards the Tsar government.In 1912,when Soviet died,his two sons took over Novoe Vremya.In 1917,the October Revolution broke out in Russia,and the Soviet regime replaced the Tsar's rule.On the day after the victory of the October Revolution,the Soviet government ordered the suppression of Novoe Vremya,which leads to the end of it.Using the method of situational analysis and literary journalism approach,this article attempted to restore the whole process from the birth of Novoe Vremya to its heyday and then to its suspension,and to analyze the reasons,which mainly include the following three aspects:first,politically,Suvorin always adhered to the upper line,consistent with the position of the Tsar government at that time,and related to the high-level government;In business management,Suvorin has an excellent business mind.He attracts more and more excellent writers to write for him by improving the remuneration of the writers and elaborately designing advertisements,so as to expand the revenue of publicity and strive for the right of railway operation,so as to expand the sales scope of Novoe Vremya to various railways region;Culturally,the Russian journalism has a long literary tradition,and the literati running newspapers is the mainstream.At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,Russian intellectuals became journalists and newspaper columnists in succession.Suvorin's own literary attainments were quite high,and he kept close contact with many literary celebrities at that time.Novoe Vremya attracted a large number of readers.Based on the research of the background,development process and success reasons of the Novoe Vremya,this article is aimed to restore the whole picture of Russian Commercial Press from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,and make up for the history that was obscured by the rapid development of the Western press and publishing industry.