| Sports-specific teaching is a kind of curriculum teaching form in which schools offer courses according to their own sports teaching equipment and resources,existing or supplemented by various forms of teacher resources,and according to projects,so that students can choose the projects they are good at or like to participate in sports teaching within a limited range of curriculum projects,so as to obtain physical exercise,acquire technical skills in sports projects,and achieve physical exercise.In 2012,the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission launched a "high school sports-specific" teaching reform pilot in the city's high schools,which was soon well received and implemented by the city's district sports-specific pilot high schools.The pilot schools in all districts made innovations in the process of understanding the spirit,creating conditions,allocating resources and making plans,thus laying the foundation for the "high school sports specialization" teaching to be rolled out in the whole city in 2015.Controlling the reasonable range of sports load is the requirement of scientific sports,and has become the core goal of sports classroom teaching.No matter how the sports teaching mode changes,how to choose the sports teaching content,how to use the teachers' teaching methods,reasonable sports load is always the essential goal of the curriculum and teaching process.This research uses the methods of literature review,measurement,questionnaire,mathematical statistics,and other research methods,and selects 4 high school sports specialized pilot schools in 4administrative districts of Shanghai to carry out the length test on the sports load of 60 sports classes of 360 students in the sports specialized classes of 5 events,namely football,basketball,table tennis,aerobics and martial arts,and to study the current situation of sports load and its influencing factors of different grades and different gender of men and women in each event.The main research results are as follows:(1)The average heart rate of the students in the whole class is 126.7 beats/minute;36 students had an average heart rate of 140-160 beats/minute,accounting for 10% of the tested students.The average heart rate of students in basketball,football,table tennis,aerobics and martial arts is 138.7 beats/minute,134.25 beats/minute,128.9beats/minute,126.8 beats/minute and 109.35 beats/minute.(2)The average heart rate of male and female students was 130.6 beats/min and124.7 beats/min respectively.(3)The average heart rate of senior high school students in the three grades is129.42 beats/minute respectively.135.71/min and 124.89/min(4)The influencing factors of students' sports load are: teachers' professional quality,students' own sports quality,teaching resources and environment.The study concluded as follows:(1)The intensity of sports in Shanghai's high school sports classes is on the low side as a whole,among which the sports in ball games classes are on the low side.The intensity of load is relatively high,and the intensity of exercise load in aerobics and martial arts classes is relatively low.(2)While implementing specialized teaching,teachers lay particular stress on the teaching and training of technology and skills,and the rationality of exercise load is not enough.(3)Students' interests and social activities are limited by teachers' teaching methods and organizations.The main role of students is not reflected enough,and the teaching principle of speaking more and practicing more is not reflected enough.(4)There are great differences between the sports load and the improvement of physical fitness of the students.Specialized teaching fails to overcome the imbalance of sports load between the projects.(5)The most important factor that affects the sports load of Shanghai high school sports special courses is teachers' professional quality,followed by students' own sports quality,teaching resources and environment. |
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