Investigation And Countermeasures Of Health Education And Health Promotion In Primary And Middle Schools

Objectives From two aspects of supply and demand for the school health education and health promotion,this paper aims to reveal the main problems of primary and middle school students' health and health education demand,as well as the promotion work progress and the existing problems facing the health administrative department of health,education and other relevant departments.Meanwhile,this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasure and the suggestion,in order to provide better reference for school health education and health promotion.Methods This research adopts the research method of combining quantitative investigation and qualitative investigation.This quantitative investigation adopts stratified cluster sampling method.From May 2017 to November 2017,we choose five provinces from the east,the middle and the west of our country,two counties from each province,then take 1 elementary school and middle school as the research school from each county and city.We choose 2 classes,grade four as random cluster samples from each elementary primary school,and 2 classes,Second-year junior high school as random cluster samples.By means of questionnaire survey,teachers of the school are coordinated to enter the classroom to conduct a questionnaire survey on the students'general physical conditions,health behaviors,health knowledge,health education needs and other contents.X2 test and binary logistic regression are used for statistical analysis.Through qualitative investigation,interviews were conducted with heads of administrative departments and professional institutions related to health education and health promotion in schools at provincial,municipal and county levels in five provinces,as well as group interviews with school leaders and relevant teachers,and relevant materials on school health education and health promotion are consulted.The data is classified and sorted to extract common problems.Results1.The overall myopia rate is 25.7%,the overall overweight rate is 4.1%,the obesity rate is 6.2%,and the sick leave rate is 31.3%.The proportion of depression lasting 2 consecutive weeks or more within 6 months is 9.1%,and the rate of dental caries is 34.1%.The rate of myopia is higher in cities than in rural areas.The overweight obesity rate of male students is higher than that of female students,and primary school higher than junior high school.The rate of dental caries of students is higher in urban areas than in rural areas.The proportion of students affected by psychological depression normal in activities is higher in rural areas than in urban areas,and the data of each group shows statistical significance(p<0.05).2.The awareness rates of hand washing method,salt intake,AIDS transmission,tuberculosis infection and fire escape is lower,which are 45.3%,59.6%,60%,76.1%and 59.7%respectively.The awareness rates of some health knowledge between primary and secondary schools and urban and rural groups are statistically significant(p<0.05).3.About students'health behavior holding rate,there are 438 elementary school students whose homework time are less than 60 min/d,which accounts for 40.1%,higher than the proportion of middle school students'homework.The elementary school students whose movement time are more than 2 h/d account for 18.5%.The primary school students whose sleep time reach 10 h/d are 138,account for 12.7%.The junior high school students whose sleep time reach 9 h/d are 185,account for 17.3%,Primary and secondary schools and urban and rural groups are statistically significant difference(p<0.05).The most student movement form is running,when meeting the difficulty they first looks for the schoolmate friend to discuss the solution.In the health knowledge awareness rate model,the OR value of health publicity materials distributed by the school is 0.31(95%CI:0.24-0.41),and the OR value of two times a month is 2.20(95%CI:1.57?3.09),compared with no health education classes.In the model of health behavior holding rate,the OR value of classes more than 3 times per month is 4.10(95%CI:2.71?6.22)compared with no health education classes.Compared with the professional health education teachers,the OR value of the health education class taken by the physical education teachers is 1.60(95%CI:1.15?2.23).4.The top six requirements for health education were healthy lifestyle,basic first aid skills,fire escape skills,knowledge of health examination,methods to maintain normal weight,and prevention of infectious diseases.46.3%of students report health education classes are taught by health education teachers.The top three channels for students to acquire health knowledge are books,teachers and parents.94.7%of students have positive intention to carry out health-related activities in school,and 93.9%of them believe that health education activities have no influence on normal learning.Students'favorite form of health education is health-themed games,accounting for 66.3%.5.All administrative departments at the county and city levels plan the work of school health education and health promotion.In terms of organization and management,a cross-departmental cooperation mechanism are established.School leaders and teachers all agree on the idea of health first,and most schools have set up a leading group to bring health into the key work of the school and formulate the school health work plan.Teachers all believe that health education activities can improve students' health cognition and behavior.The administrative departments of the eastern region have improved the standards,technical guidelines and management system of health promotion schools.Some regions invest in education by means of financing and government interest discount,and subsidize school canteens.Some schools adopt adjustable desks and chairs for students,and teaching tools to protect students'eye health.The school combined with urban supervision and food and drug administration to inspect snack vendors and entertainment places around the school.Nine schools have launched specific health education courses,and seven schools have adopted physical education and health courses as the carrier of health education courses,and three schools have adopted school-based courses as the carrier of health education courses.Most schools carry out health education classes once a week or twice a week.Some schools permeate health-related knowledge through various disciplines.There are many part-time teachers in the field of health education.Most schools use physical education and health teaching materials,and health education teachers are part-time physical education teachers without full-time school doctors.Schools in urban areas have professional institutions for training using compile systematic textbooks.In rural schools,there are problems such as poor hardware environment(eg.the shortages of facilities per capita,insufficient quantity of taps),lack of health education teachers and support from professional institutions,and so on.Parents of some students don't pay enough attention to the health of students and have little communication with schools because of low level of health literacy.Lack of full-time school doctors and insufficient health knowledge training for teachers is also an important problem faced by schools in rural areas.Most schools suggest that professional institutions increase the professional ability training of teachers,and help them carry out health education and health promotion activities.Some teachers suggest that the state issue unified free textbooks.Conclusion1.Poor eyesight,overweight and obesity,and high rate of dental caries are the main health problems of primary and secondary school students.The rate of health knowledge and practice about professional health of some primary and secondary school students were rather low.2.There is a certain demand for the content and form of health education on key health issues.3.School health education and health promotion have been carried out in various regions,various supporting policies have been issued,and a wide range of school health education activities have been carried out.However,there are differences in students'health cognition and behavior between urban and rural areas,and the development level of school health education is unbalanced,which limits the development of health education in school.4.Problems are widespread in schools in various regions,such as the lack of implementation of health education courses,lack of professional textbooks,insufficient health knowledge level of teachers,lack of support from professional institutions and difficulties in promotion of school doctors,and so on.The curriculum of school health education is not uniform and the implementation effect is difficult to guarantee.Countermeasure And Suggestion1.Based on the in-depth analysis of the physical health problems and influencing factors of primary and secondary school students,health promotion activities are carried out to meet various health needs of students.Carry out various forms of health education activities suitable for students' physical and mental characteristics,and provide corresponding educational resources according to students' needs.2.Further strengthen the work of school health education and health promotion.Administrative departments should strengthen the service of school health education in areas with slow development of school health education and health promotion.It is necessary for professional institutions to increase collaboration on health education and health promotion in schools,including implementing health education courses,strengthening the construction of health education teachers,improving the level of health education for teachers,continuously enhancing school health services,and strengthening the construction of school doctors.3.Carry out the construction of healthy schools extensively,cultivate the community environment of healthy schools,establish the home-school cooperation model,and promote the construction of comprehensive healthy environment for students.