Research On The Construction And Repair Of Gansu Cities In Qing Dynasty

Gansu in Qing Dynasty changed from a border area in Ming dynasty to an inland region.It was an important political and military center in Northwest China.The Qing Dynasty was an essential period of social transformation of Gansu Province,and also an important period of the formation of modern urban pattern of Gansu Province.In this period,Gansu not only inherited from its predecessors but also made its own innovations in urban spatial form.As one of the main bodies of ancient cities,the construction and restoration of cities can not be separated from the cooperation and interaction between the official and civil forces.At the same time,the study on the construction and restoration of Gansu cities in Qing Dynasty is conducive to showing the development of its society,economy and natural environment,which is an excellent perspective.Meanwhile,with the increasing development of social economy and the growing demand for spiritual culture,local governments are competing to protect,develop and utilize the remaining ancient city walls as an opportunity to develop tourism.In particular,with the introduction of the policy of "One Belt and One Road" and the implementation of the project of application for the World Heritage of the Ming and Qing Dynasty city wall,Gansu,as a vital node on the Silk Road,remained a large number of ancient city wall ruins,and it can inject new energy into the development of local tourism through the protection and utilization of them,and sequentially arouse people’s attention to protecting the ancient city wall,and at the same time,it can also provide a recreational place for the local people.In view of the considerations above,this thesis takes "the construction and restoration of Gansu Cities in Qing Dynasty" as the research object,and summarizes the experience of Gansu urban development in Qing Dynasty,which can provide references for the future development of the local cities.This thesis is divided into three parts:introduction,main body and conclusion.The main body is divided into five chapters.The first chapter describes the relationships between the distribution of Gansu Cities in Qing Dynasty and geographical characteristics,administrative divisions as well as population distribution,which are interrelated,while the natural geographical characteristics play a decisive role.Gansu cities in Qing Dynasty were mainly distributed in the areas with excellent natural environment,more administrative divisions and dense population distribution.The second chapter discusses the external form of the Gansu cities in Qing Dynasty,including the perimeter and shape of the city wall,the number and name of the city gates,the moat and other elements.There are mostly small and regular cities in Gansu,which is relevant to the low level of its social and economic development,and it is deeply influenced by the natural geographical environment,and meanwhile,it is also a reflection of human will.The third Chapter focuses on the reasons for the construction and restoration of Gansu cities in Qing Dynasty.It is recognized that the construction and restoration of Gansu Cities for almost 300 years during Qing Dynasty were influenced by earthquake,flood,sandstorm,wars and other factors,which made the construction and restoration of cities frequently take place during the reign of emperors Qianlong,Tongzhi and Guangxu.At the same time,the efforts in disaster relief and urban construction made by local communities in face of various natural disasters and wars are discussed.The fourth Chapter studies some specific problems in urban construction.It mainly includes the management systems of city-building in Qing Dynasty,the survey and evaluation of cities,the composition and financing of city-building funds,the selection of supervisors,the constitution and payment of city-building labors,the management of materials and the acceptance of urban construction,etc.It reveals the specific problems involved in the process of city-building in ancient societyThe flfth chapter studies the regional influence of Gansu urban construction in Qing Dynasty.The project of urban construction plays an important role in improving the city’s defense ability and urban landscapes;the emergence of a large number of inscriptions and poems about urban construction adds a lot of humanistic flavor to the city and enhance the cultural landscape of the city;the implementation of "work relief" for the construction and restoration of cities during the disaster period can improve people’s livelihood;meanwhile,the development of urban construction has a dual role in regional economy,so does in the relationship between the officials and the people.The advantages of urban construction will promote the harmony between the officials and the people,but the disadvantages of urban construction will lead to the centrifugal deviation between them.