| Nowadays,the globalization process is accelerating,global architecture tends to be the same,and the regionality of architecture is increasingly blurred.Due to the lack of professional guidance,the construction of beautiful rural areas has resulted in the destruction of a large number of traditional dwellings.At the same time,the characteristics of new dwellings have been lost,and the sense of life experience has become worse and worse.Facing the status quo of "dwelling evolution" and "comfortableness" of rural dwellings,it is urgent to guide and adjust the self-built form of residential dwellings in time to make the rural dwellings adapt to the "orderly" evolution under the current social conditions.The dissertation regards the adaptability of architecture in the collective unconscious environment as a natural selection process.Taking Datun Township of Bijie City as an example,this paper explores the evolution of the Bijie Yi area from the beginning of reform and opening up to the initial stage of new rural construction,in the natural environment,economic and technological environment,The adaptive evolution law under the joint selection of social and cultural environment,and try to extract the wisdom of building self-built dwellings in the process of evolution.Then based on the law of evolution,try to refine the evolution trend and mode of residential buildings.Combining the traditional building wisdom with the modern green building technology,from the four aspects of the residential flat form,the fa?ade form,the space form and the material structure,the design strategy of the residential renewal model in the Bijie Yi area is proposed,and the residential renewal model is designed according to the updated strategy.The Autodesk Ecotect Analysis software simulation method simulates the residential renewal model.The main findings are as follows:(1)Characteristics of the adaptive evolution of residential forms in each period(1)Traditional residential period: The plane is mainly based on “?”? “?”?“?” and “?” type,with simple functions and independent layout.The concept of space and ritual is strong;economic and technical conditions during this period Behind it,residential houses are constrained by the natural environment,and the role of social and cultural factors is suppressed.Ordinary dwellings are locally sourced,the building decoration is weak,the fractal dimension of the fa?ade is close to the fractal dimension of the natural form,and the fa?ade is structurally strong,enabling people to instantly complete the emotional experience of the architectural features,giving people a sense of psychological comfort.The law of natural development;residential houses have strong resistance to external environmental disturbances,and the indoor thermal environment is stable and comfortable.(2)During the period of transitional residence: the planes are mostly extended planes such as “?”? “L”? “U”? “N”? “H” etc.(“?” type plane setting“swallow”),the function is clearer.The layout of the layout tends to be concentrated.The space is extended by the number of modules and horizontal spaceto extend the concept of residential space.The sense of ritual is weakened.The stable development of economic and technological technology during this period has weakened the restriction of the natural environment,and the role of social and cultural factors has been released.The combination of local materials and new materials,the facade of the building is diverse,the old and new elements are mixed,and the simple decoration is adopted.The structure of the transitional dwelling fa?ade is weaker than that of the traditional dwelling fa?ade;the indoor thermal comfort is also reduced.(3)During the new residential period: economic and technological development flourished,residential construction broke through the natural environment constraints,and the influence of foreign culture on the local social and cultural factors was suppressed.The planar form expanded vertically in the space of transitional dwellings,tending to form two-and three-story buildings.The function was further improved,the ritual space was degraded,and the connection between the buildings was strengthened(the corridor was set up);during this period,the construction of the residential buildings was completely based on new materials,the form mimicked the urbanization,and the fa?ade was more decorative,but the fa?ade structure was destroyed(The scale with connection benefits is removed,resulting in a poor emotional appearance of the building;the indoor thermal environment is greatly affected by the external environment and the thermal comfort is poor.(2)Research results of residential forms(1)The fire pond is the prototype of the residential space,and the evolution of the plane space has changed from the early “front-back” pattern to the“left-right” pattern.During the process of spatial evolution,the traditional ritual space gradually subsided,and the demand for room comfort gradually increased.(2)The evolution of building materials from the original material to the new period of new materials,the structure from the wood structure to the concrete structure,the changes in building materials also caused changes in the roof truss,provocation: the truss from 6 points to 5.5 points of water The transition to 4 points of water,the slope of the roof is getting slower and slower,and the provocation is narrower and narrower from 1m to 0.7m to 0.5m.(3)Building facade is decorated from simple to complex,the fractal dimension of the facade from 1.74465(traditional dwellings)to 1.7047(transitional dwellings)to 1.68065(new dwellings),more and more deviating from the natural form of the leaf fractal dimension of 1.782.The architectural details of the building's important scale are missing,the facade structure is getting worse and worse,and the visual comfort of the building's appearance is reduced.The study on the new residential fa?ade found that the new residential buildings lacked architectural details in the 500mm-1000 mm scale,and the way to improve the visual comfort of the new residential buildings was to improve the architectural details of the newresidential buildings in the 500mm-1000 mm range.Further,the method for improving the comfort of the facade of the residential building is to increase or decrease the architectural details of the too small or excessive scale interval.(4)Research results of indoor thermal environment in residential buildingsTherma1 environment stability and self-balancing ability: traditional dwellings>transitional dwellings>new dwellings;traditional dwellings have better thermal insulation.Average air humidity: transitional dwellings>New dwellings>Traditional dwellings,air humidity stability: traditional dwellings>transitional dwellings>new dwellings;new building construction has strong moisture-proof capacity,compared with new materials,traditional materials have higher suction Dehumidification capacity.The study of thermal comfort values ??found that the indoor thermal environment is getting worse and worse during the evolution of residential buildings.(5)Research results of surface temperature of residential building envelope:Thatched roof,rammed earth wall,rammed earth wall have better insulation performance and thermal stability than tile roof,cement floor and cement brick wall of new material.(6)The adaptive evolution of residential forms in the Bijie Yi area: in the process of the evolution of residential houses,the folk houses and the various environmental elements have evolved together and spiraled upwards.The specific form presents a “short board” determinism,that is,the adaptability of residential houses is highlighted as the dominant factor—— More demanding environmental factors.(3)Update strategy research results(1)Climate adaptability strategy: The best orientation of the Bijie Yi people is 172.5°,the worst orientation is 82.5°,the good orientation range is167°~190°;the shape factor of the strip building should not exceed 0.35,and the point building should not exceed 0.4.The region's most succinct and efficient multi-composite passive strategy is to improve indoor natural ventilation and night ventilation(this strategy is often used in conjunction with high specific heat envelope materials),a strategy that increases indoor comfort by a factor of four.(2)Spatial renewal strategy: extract traditional double courtyards,integrate and integrate the residential planes,strengthen the connection between the main functional space and the ancillary space,and combine the traditional spiritual space with the modern spatial entities to make it more applicable.(3)Form update strategy: The updated fractal dimension of the residential facade should be controlled at 1.74465~1.782.The architectural decoration can choose natural symbols such as sun,moon,birds and beasts,as well as gossip patterns or new decorative materials.The choice of space concept has three types: ancestor worship,nature worship,and ceremonies of the Central Plains.(4)Insulation and moisture-proof strategy: The moisture-proof strategy has methods such as strengthening base survey selection,increasing indoor and outdoorheight difference,structural moisture-proof,cavity moisture-proof,roof protection,improving ventilation,increasing heating,water-proof and moisture-proof,indoor moisture absorption and moisture-proof.Insulation strategy can set the cabinet floor space and ventilation floor on the roof;improve the thermal properties of the wall material,increase the insulation material in the main structure;enhance the airtightness of the door and window,select the door and window frame with small thermal conductivity;laying stone or cement on the ground Ground,add moisture,insulation,and add air to the air layer.(5)Structural material renewal strategy: Set the air layer,the interlayer,and improve the materials of the envelope. |
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