Research On Traceability Scheme Of Grain Supply Chain Based On Blockchain

Food security is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood.China is building and operating a grain quality traceability system on a large scale in order to achieve efficient traceability,accurate recall and accountability.The paper analyzes and studies the current grain quality traceability system and summarizes the main problems:(1)When the grain flows throughout the life cycle of the supply chain,the shape of the grain changes,the grain traceability data description dimension is single,and there is no unified standard;The logo is statically defined and cannot be dynamically traced.(2)Decentralized control and management of grain management,showing the characteristics of "cross-regional,multi-link,and large circulation".The whole system lacks a secure data exchange protocol to promote data sharing,and data integrity and verifiability are poor.(3)The information management system is based on centralized,self-built databases and information inquiry platforms,and the data has tampering risks.(4)There is currently no suitable distributed solution to provide the required performance,credibility,and cost-effectiveness for food supply chain traceability.In response to the above problems,this paper provides a tailor-made,blockchain-based decentralization solution GrainTrail(Grain supply chain traceability modeling)for food supply chain traceability.Blockchain is a distributed shared database.The decentralized nature of peer-to-peer value transfer enables all information to be publicly recorded on this "public ledger".Its data cannot be tampered with and everyone can watch it at any time.Supply chain traceability is considered to be the applicable application scenario.The specific work completed in this paper includes:(1)Selecting five kinds of enterprises for planting,warehousing,processing,distribution and sales to analyze their business processes,and propose the basic principles and traceability requirements of the food supply chain;and analyze the requirements of the traceability system.(2)Propose the food supply chain modeling method GSCTM(Grain supply chain traceability modeling)to standardize the food supply chain traceability process.(3)Introduce GS1[1]global traceability standard,uniquely identify the traceability object according to the standard,and propose the TDM(Traceability Data Model)five-dimensional data model to define the traceability object in all directions and multi-dimensional,and improve the system interoperability.Sex.(4)GrainTrail adopts distributed point-to-point architecture design.Each node has five functional modules:blockchain module,Node service module,Neo4j data persistence module,CMDIC module and user interaction module.Utilizing Ethereum and Neo4j graph database,the traceable data is stored in the "chain-on-chain" mode,which reduces the storage pressure on the chain and improves the system I/O efficiency,and provides a basis for high-performance and multi-functional traceability query.For example,dynamic identification traceability,bidirectional traceability,etc.;design a consensus mechanism CMDIC based on Zero-knowledge proof data integrity check to verify the consistency and integrity of private data provided by stakeholders across the link.Designing a Node service module to provide a REST-style interface to the user's data upload and query requests;finally designing a traceability system front-end interactive web page that satisfies four types of users.Through the cooperation of different modules,the requirements of data uploading,privacy data verification,data query and data anti-tampering of the traceability system users can be met.(5)Implement and test the GrainTrail overall solution,which proves that the solution can have obvious advantages in data query efficiency and data storage cost compared to other storage modes,and makes the whole decentralization without using a centralized server.The system has certain performance,credibility,and cost effectiveness.The program not only takes into account the particularity of the food supply chain business scenario,but also has the versatility of the solution,which can also provide new ideas for other fields.