Research On Traceability Mechanism Of Decentralized Supply Chain Based On Blockchain

Supply chain management is a set of processes and sub-processes executed to convert raw materials into final products,maximize customer value,and achieve sustainable competitive advantages.These processes usually take several months to complete.In this case,if the quality of the final product is poor,it is difficult to find the root cause of the problem.Therefore,a reliable supply chain traceability mechanism is needed to trace the origin and circulation process of commodities.Traditional supply chain traceability mechanisms are centralized,relying on trusted third parties to authenticate products.Although the origin of the goods can be effectively traced,this centralized mechanism has many problems.First of all,the server has a huge processing burden,because the traceability requests of all nodes in the supply chain are collected in a third-party server.Second,the centralized framework lacks transparency,accountability,and auditability,and data may be tampered with.Third,like all centralized systems,the traditional supply chain traceability mechanism has a single point of failure problem and is vulnerable to DDo S attacks.In response to the above problems,this paper proposes a decentralized supply chain traceability mechanism based on blockchain.Each participant in the supply chain uses the blockchain to trace the origin of the goods.The traceability mechanism is a four-layer structure,including a data collection layer,a data storage layer,a blockchain network layer,and an application layer.Furthermore,a consensus algorithm based on game theory to randomly select validators is proposed to achieve true decentralization.The algorithm guarantees the security of the traceability mechanism on the basis of improving the performance of the consensus.Finally,in view of the problem that the existing blockchain solutions cannot achieve the traceability of supply chain commodities in the logistics and transshipment links,a smart contract design solution based on commodity delivery events is proposed.It can record the logistics transfer process between different entities in the supply chain to achieve reliable logistics tracking.The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows:1.To address the problems of high cost,single point of failure and lack of transparency in traditional centralized supply chain traceability mechanisms,this paper proposes a blockchain-based supply chain traceability framework.The framework has a four-layer structure: data collection layer,data storage layer,blockchain network layer and application layer.The data collection layer is responsible for collecting relevant information in the supply chain and uploading it to the database,ensuring the credibility of the data source of the supply chain traceability framework.The data storage layer stores transaction details in the database,and saves simplified information in the blockchain to solve the problem of high storage costs in the blockchain.At the same time,redundant databases are used for data backup to prevent data from being tampered with.The blockchain network layer is the core of the framework.Relying on the distributed ledger structure of the blockchain,all entities in the supply chain have all transaction information.It realizes the mutual monitoring of various stakeholders,does not need to entrust a third party,and solves the problem of opaque information in the centralized supply chain traceability system.The application layer provides an interface for enterprises and consumers to trace the origin of products,and also designs an access control strategy for product traceability for enterprises.2.To address the problem that existing consensus algorithms rely on proof-of-work and cause waste of resources,or rely on fixed verifiers and cannot guarantee true decentralization,this paper proposes a decentralized consensus algorithm.This algorithm is improved on the basis of Tendermint algorithm.In addition to the proposer node and the validator node,a leader node is added.The leader node is responsible for selecting validator nodes for the proposer node.Through the anonymous mapping between the proposer node and the leader node,and the process of the leader node randomly selecting the validator node,the security of the consensus algorithm is improved.Analyze the number of validator nodes selected by the leader node through game theory.On the premise of ensuring security,the number of validators is reduced,and the performance of the consensus algorithm is improved,which is more suitable for the situation of a large number of nodes in the supply chain traceability scenario.3.To address the problem that the existing blockchain-based supply chain traceability mechanism cannot trace the source of logistics transfer,this paper proposes a smart contract design scheme based on commodity delivery events.The program designs three smart contracts between different entities in the supply chain: delivery contract,express delivery contract,and goods receipt contract.When a commodity interacts with different entities,the corresponding smart contract will be triggered.Among them,the existence of the express contract records the multi-stage logistics transfer links between different entities in the supply chain on the blockchain.This scheme uses key verification to confirm the correct delivery of the goods,and solves the problem of identity verification of the participants.After the key verification is passed,the payment settlement process is automatically triggered,and the automatic payment is made through the Ethereum account.When the key fails,the dispute processing process is triggered,and the dispute is resolved by setting an arbitrator.