Research On ESS Technology For Receiver High Power Microwave Protection

The power of HPM coupled into the receiver through the “front door” poses a significant threat to the receiver.The limited protection capability of the "front door" coupling protection means such as limiting devices is difficult to achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the receiver from HPM.According to the current situation that it is difficult to protecting the receiver from HPM.This paper studies the time-frequency domain characteristics of HPM,the coupling path and damage of HPM to the receiver,the protection method protecting the receiver from HPM using energy-selective surfaces based on the three elements of electromagnetic compatibility,the electromagnetic wave polarization theory,surface impedance and radio wave propagation theory.The study found that the essence of the receiver being damaged is that its internal semiconductor device is broken down or burned.It is proposed the energy selection surface design principle for protecting the receiver from elliptical polarization HPM,and analyzed the feasibility of using energy-selective surfaces protecting the receiver from HPM through simulation.It has provides an useful reference for engineering implementation.The first part studies the time-frequency characteristics of HPM and its coupling and damage mechanism to the receiver.Firstly,Gaussian pulse modulation and rectangular pulse modulation HPM are analyzed by theoretical derivation and MATLAB simulation.And it is concluded that the rectangular pulse-modulated HPM energy is higher than the Gaussian pulse-modulated HPM energy,the repetitive HPM energy is higher than the single-pass HPM energy,and the receiver performs the HPM protection should be based on the repetitive rectangular pulse modulation of the HPM.Secondly,based on the working characteristics of the receiver,it is analyzed the coupling path and the damage mechanism of HPM to the receiver.Then analyzes the shortcomings of the existing "front door" coupling protection technology,and proposes a solution for HPM protection of the receiver using ESS.The second part studies the working principle of ESS.Based on the first part,the ESS for elliptical polarization HPM protection is analyzed based on the theory of electromagnetic wave polarization,surface impedance and wave propagation theory,and the design principle of ESS is proposed.Designed and developed a prototype of ESS equivalent structure that considers the cut-off of a PIN diode as an ideal open circuit and considers the conduction of a PIN diode as an ideal short-circuited.The prototype were tested and the test result showed that the insertion loss of the sample are consistent with the simulation results.The third part studies the factors that affect ESS performance.Firstly,the PIN diode is analyzed,and proposed its steady/transient state equivalent circuit under high-frequency working condition.Then pointed out the existence of spike leakage and the suppressing method is proposed.Secondly,the influence of parameters such as PIN diode parasitic inductance and reverse junction capacitance on ESS performance are analyzed through simulation.And then study and analyze the specific design process of ESS for protecting L-band receivers from the HPM "front door" coupling.Finally,the ESS performance is simulated and analyzed.Simulation results show that the insertion loss of electromagnetic waves with different polarization directions and different incident angles is less than 1.5d B when the designed ESS is in normal working condition,and the ESS isolation is basically larger than 17 d B in the HPM environment.The result accords with the requirement of the receiver protection,Embodies the feasibility and correctness of using ESS to protecting the receiver from HPM.