Optimized Routing Protocols For Optimal Data Extraction Of Static And Spiral Mobility Based WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)has led to tremendous growth in development of sensor technology and offering numerous applications such as;wildlife monitoring,environment,health care,military surveillance and security systems.In terms of performance evolutions of WSNs routing protocols play vital role in order to extend lifetime of networking operations.Due to the limited resources of power in sensor nodes,design and implementation of energy efficient routing protocol is a key challenge for researchers.These sensors are smart,intelligent,inexpensive and small size nodes which owed the drastic enhancement in development of Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems(MEMS).These sensors are responsible for three major tasks:sensing of environment,compressing the sensed data and aggregation of data.This indicates that these sensors utilize their resources effectively,including CPU power,memory usage and more importantly energy to increase the network lifetime.To make the efficient routing protocol,heterogeneity of sensor nodes is a best possible solution.'Stable Election Protocol' was the first heterogeneous network and proposed two level of heterogeneity.SEP Protocol not only improved the network lifetime but also improved the stability of sensor nodes.In order to maximize the network lifetime,we propose the scalability of SEP routing protocol(S-SEP)to check the reliability in large scale networks for traffic engineering.We compare the results of standard SEP routing protocol with fourth level of heterogeneity.Simulation results proves that S-SEP protocol works better in larger networks.In case of static-sink,nodes at farther areas from sink transmit their sensed data at longer transmission range and die early while nearby nodes face lesser transmission cost and stay alive for longer period.This unbalance energy distribution creates energy-hole in far areas from sink in WSNs.Mobility based sink routing protocols are proposed to minimize the sub-optimal energy consumption in WSNs,as the sink mobility covers the sensor field which alleviate the overall load-balancing among sensor nodes.In order to overcome the energy-hole issue while prolonging the network lifetime,it is important to determine the optimal mobility pattern.In this regard,we propose Spiral Mobility based-on Optimized Clustering(SMOC)routing protocol and multiple-sinks based SMOC(M-SMOC)routing protocol for large scale WSNs.Performance evaluation of proposed protocols are compared with various existing routing protocols based on static-sink,random mobility and grid mobility.Different number of performance parameters are considered for evaluation such as;network lifetime,network stability,packet drop ratio,packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,average energy consumption,network connection time and the impact of different heterogeneity levels.Experimental results shows the benefits of spiral mobility pattern and how it improves the network lifetime and stability period over the existing state-of-the art routing protocols.