Simulation And Research On Pedestrian Flow Evacuation In Buildings Based On Unity3D

With the modernization of social economy and material civilization,the number of various types of large-scale public places is increasing day by day.Meanwhile,in these places,public emergencies caused by group gathering activities occur frequently.Therefore,how to quickly and effectively manage pedestrians process in public places,and how to scientifically and reasonably design the layout of internal obstacles in walking facilities,has recently attracted a significant level of interest in the transportation field.This paper relies on an improved cell transmission model(CTM).On the basis of Unity3 D development engine,simulations of pedestrian evacuation are conducted.On one hand,the pedestrian evacuation processes in buildings,are reproduced vividly.On the other hand,the unsafe factors caused by man-made or environmental changes during physical drills,are successfully avoid.Our research has important practical significance for improving pedestrian evacuation efficiency and preventing stampede accidents.The main theses of our research are as follows:1.Setting up the environment.First,the campus environment is analyzed in detail.Then,3D Studio Max modeling software is used to build the campus scene mode.Further,Unity3D's powerful editor is used to design a more realistic campus environment,which lays a good foundation for subsequent experiments.2.Simulation of pedestrian evacuation in an indoor area without internal obstacles.In the context of a well-established campus,using the updated rules of the cellular transmission model,simulations of the pedestrian evacuation process in the classroom are carried out.The collective behavior of pedestrian near the exit(i.e.,the arching phenomenon)is reproduced.The practicality of CTM in assigning pedestrian flows is also proved.In addition,the influence of the initial population density(i.e.,the ratio of the number of pedestrians in each cell to the capacity of the cell at the initial time)on the evacuation time is investigated.3.Pedestrian Simulation of pedestrian evacuation in an indoor area with internal obstacles.On the basis of the previous simulations in scenarios without obstacles,we design pedestrian simulations in complex scenarios where obstacles are evenly distributed.The collective behavior of pedestrians near the exit can also be observed.Furthermore,simulation results indicate that,the proper setting of obstacles reduces pedestrian evacuation time and improves evacuation efficiency,which can provide valuable information for designing the internal layout of walking facilities.4.Simulation of pedestrian route choice process.Due to the presence of obstacles in the building,pedestrians can move along more than one route to approach the exit.Therefore,on the basis of the simulations in scenarios with obstacles,simulations with consideration of the negative effects induced by congestion(i.e.,the walking comfort on one route will be reduced as a result of the clustering of people)are conducted.The pedestrian route choice process is reproduced and the optimal parameters are found through observing the equilibrium state.