Research On Pedestrian Movement Behaviors In Gathering Activities

The gathering crowd is a state of aggregation formed under certain conditions.Due to the high degree of crowd gathering and complex environment,managers have certain difficulties in managing the gathering crowd.There are many stampede incidents happening around the world every year.Among the causes of accidents,human factors are the most direct factors,that is,changes in human physiology,behavior and psychological emotions will have an impact on the safe movement of the crowd.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the behavior of pedestrians in gathering activities.However,real personnel experiments have greater safety risks and are not suitable as a research method for dense crowds.Therefore,we use computer software simulation methods to study the movement behavior and laws of pedestrians in gathering activities.The specific research contents of this article are as follows:1.This paper first discusses the related concepts of gathering activities,summarizes and analyzes the macro characteristics and micro characteristics of the movement of pedestrians in gathering activities.We also analyze the factors that affect the movement of pedestrians,which lays the theoretical foundation for the later research.2.A personnel movement model considering behavioral characteristics is established.Considering the overcrowding and the interaction between pedestrians in different directions,we improve the calculation method of potential that is used to measure how difficult it is for pedestrians to approach the target location from their current location.Taking into account the following behavior of pedestrians and the behavior of maintaining a safe distance,a mesoscopic moving model of gathering pedestrians is established.We study the influence of different parameter values on pedestrians' movement and distribution of the crowd by simulation.The simulation results found that the movement of a pedestrian in a barrier-free environment is mainly affected by the interaction between the crowd and himself.Following behavior of a pedestrian will affect the distribution of crowd at the exit.The distance between pedestrians will decrease as the density of the crowd increases,and the more obvious the behavior of keeping distance between pedestrians,the slower the speed of the crowd movement.Obstacles affect the path choice of pedestrians and the evacuation efficiency of the crowd,causing pedestrians to be congested in narrow areas.The capacity of the exit also limits the movement of pedestrians.3.Based on the theory of emotional contagion and the principle of disease contagion,a movement model considering emotional contagion is established.We quantitatively analyze the influence of crowd density,intensity of emotional contagion,and distribution of managers on the movement of pedestrians,and reveal the causes and evolution of stampede accidents.It is found that the density of pedestrians in the region should be strictly controlled to reduce the spread of negative emotions.Because the density of the crowd increases,the number of pedestrians' contacts increases and the emotional contagion becomes intense,and the number of pedestrians with negative emotions increases quickly.The existence of managers can effectively control the emotional change of pedestrians in the room.Managers who are evenly distributed in the room manage the crowd best.In addition,in order to improve the evacuation efficiency of mass assembly personnel and reduce the occurrence of accidents such as stampede in activities,some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.In conclusion,through the above research,we have a better understanding of the movement rules of pedestrians in gathering activities and the causes of stampede accidents.The results can help designers conduct comprehensive analysis and evaluation of pedestrian evacuation passages in buildings or public places.It also can be used to help establish a safe evacuation plan under emergencies to reduce the occurrence of adverse events such as crowding and stamping in mass gatherings.