Cellular Automata Simulation For The Students' Evacuation From Teaching Building

In recent years, the disasters due to the people or natural occur frequently, which attracts the attention about how to escape safely from the building. In school, the distribution of the desks and tables is serried, and the aisle is cabined. When the calamity happens, how to evacuate the students round the barrier such as the desks and tables? How to use the aisle? People must think about these problems to enhance the efficiency of evacuation from school. The Pedestrian evacuation process from teaching building has become the hotspot.Pedestrian flow is similar to traffic flow, but the movement of pedestrians is more intelligent and flexible than the movement of vehicles. To simulate pedestrian flow more vividly, researchers proposed the microscopic pedestrian model, which reflects the movement of individual, such as:social force model, lattice gas model and cellular automata models. In recent years, in order to better reflect the pedestrian behavior in the details of the evacuation process, the multi-lattice model which is based on the single-lattice model is proposed to in-depth study the laws of pedestrian evacuation.Base on the characteristics of the student movement and teaching buildings, we establish the laws of the movement of personnel. To find the most effective method of evacuation, the simulation for the process of the evacuation from teaching building has been done, using the single-lattice and the multi-lattice cellular automaton model.The main work of this paper is divided into three parts:1,The model of passerby evacuating from a large classroom with two exits and some channels is established using the Cellular Automaton. Two factors are taken into account to the rules for the choice of exits and channels, which are the distance to the exit and the distribution of the passerby. Computer simulation results show that the effect of the evacuating will be better when the two factors are taken into account than only just one factor is considered.2,Introduce the strength of the drift D1 pointing to the exit and the strength of the drift D2 pointing to the left to determine the pedestrian transition probabilities in different direction. The results of the Cellular Automata simulation for the evacuation process under the different strength of drift show that evacuation time becomes less with the increase of the D1; when D1<1.0, the evacuation time increase when D2 increase, otherwise; when D1=1.0, the evacuation keep invariable almost while the channel is small, but it will decrease as D2 increase while the channel is big enough.3,Using the multi-grid model in which the pedestrian occupies six grids, we study the effect of sidling for the pedestrian counter flow under periodic boundary conditions. The results show that:the behavior of siding may promote the lane formation of pedestrians in the same direction. As the pedestrian turns to right inconsciently, the behavior of sidling can improve the critical density of the phase transition, but as the pedestrian turns to right consciously, the phase transition will be reduced.