Research On The Historical Evolution Of Professional Standards For Special Education Teachers In The United States

The key to the development of education lies in teachers.Due to the complexity and uniqueness of the teaching profession,teachers are required to have proficient knowledge and skills,and they need to have high professional ethics and teaching ability to ensure the quality of education.Professional standards for teachers are used to regulate teachers'professional behaviors.In March 2008,the ministerial conference on education of the nine most populous countries in UNESCO,with the theme of "promoting teacher education and training",adopted the Bali Declaration,which further regarded the development of professional standards for teachers as a strategic way to improve the quality of teachers.Due to the great diversity of special education objects,special education teachers must receive more targeted and professional training to meet the actual needs.Therefore,it has become a trend to promote the professional development of special education teachers that all countries strive to formulate systematic professional standards for special education teachers.The Council for Exceptional Children was established in 1924.After about 70 years of exploration and research,the first professional standard for special education teachers in the United States was officially released in 1994.That is What Every Special Educator Must Know:International Standards for the Preparation and Qualification of Special Education Teachers.With the development of American education,professional requirements for special education teachers are also constantly improved.The special education teachers' professional standards were revised and updated every three years.All of them reflect the changes of the Times and education.Special education started relatively late in China,and the Professional Standard for Special Education Teachers was formulated in 2015.Therefore,this paper sorts out versions of professional standards for special education teachers formulated by the Council for Exceptional Children of the United States,and explains the changes.The paper also try to provide reference for the revision and improvement of the professional standards for special education teachers of China,by summarizing the characteristics of the professional standards for special education teachers of the United States.The paper is divided into five parts.The first chapter is the gestation period of the professional standards of special education teachers in the United States.The second chapter introduces the initial period of the professional standards for special education teachers in the United States.Starting with the establishment of CEC Professional Standards Standing Committee,it introduces the formulation and contents of the International Standards for the Preparation and Certification of Special Education Teachers.The third chapter introduces the development of professional standards for teachers in special education and constructs an integrated framework of professional standards for teachers.The fourth chapter introduces the improvement of the professional standards of special education teachers in the United States.Taking the professional ethics standards for special education teachers released in 2010 and the training standards for special education teachers released in 2012 as the text analysis objects,it discusses the ethics standards for special education teachers in the United States and the knowledge and skills requirements for teacher training.The fifth chapter mainly summarizes the characteristics of the professional standards of special education teachers in the United States and the enlightenment to China.The last part is the conclusion.