Research On The Change Of The Key Construction Policies Of Higher Education In China Form The Perspective Of Historical Institutionalism

With the arrival of the era of knowledge economy,high-level research university as the main position for knowledge production and talent training,it plays an increasingly prominent role in promoting economic and social development and enhancing international competitiveness,therefore,many countries and regions in the world regard building world-class universities as an important strategic goal of their higher education development.China adopts an unbalanced development strategy of “focusing resources and focusing on construction” China adopts an unbalanced development strategy of "focusing resources and focusing on construction" to build a world-class university,this strategic idea can be traced back to the 1950 s,in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,the resource embarrassment of the “poor countries running big education” forced the government to adopt key construction policies in the field of higher education.In the course of 70 years,in different historical periods,the key construction policies of higher education is embodied in Key University construction,National Key construction project,Key Discipline construction,"211 Project","985 Project","2011 Plan","Double First-Class" construction and other key construction projects,under the circumstances of limited investment in education in our country,the key construction policies will continue to be implemented for a long time.At present,the key construction policies of higher education has entered a new stage in the construction of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics,grasping the change logic of the key construction policies,for the smooth promotion of "double first-class" construction,it's great benefit to make our country leap from a big country of higher education to a strong country of higher education.Based on this,this study introduces the analytical framework of historical institutionalism,using the policy bibliometric analysis,analyzing the changing logic of the key construction policies of higher education in China,trying to clarify the analysis factors of key construction policies change,and exploring how each factor affects policies change,in order to sum up the laws of key construction policies change,explore the direction of policies development,and extract suggestions for improving the policies.Historical institutionalism as one of the schools of new institutionalism,the theoretical function is to make a very convincing explanation of institutional changes,after decades of genre demonstration and promotion,the analytical framework of "macro structure-middle institution-micro actor" has been basically formed,different researchers have applied this analytical framework to institution or policy changes in different fields,describing the process of institutional change,explaining the cause of institution change and exploring the laws of long-term change,on this basis,putting forward suggestions or strategies for institution improvement and development.The key construction policies of higher education as a long-term continuation of the policy,its vicissitude is not only affected by the macro institution and meso variables,also driven by micro actors,and in terms of the changing state of the middle institution itself,path dependence and policy change have emerged in the evolution of the key construction policies.Therefore,the analysis framework of "macro structure-middle institution-micro actor" constructed by historical institutionalism has a strong explanatory power for the change of the key construction policies of higher education in China.The research begins with the “key nodes” of the institutional change theory of historical institutionalism,according to the landmark events,the change course of the key construction policies of higher education in China is divided into four stages: construction stage of key universities(1949?1983),national key construction project stage(1983?1991),start-up stage of world-class university construction(1991?2014),construction stage of world-class university with Chinese characteristics(2014?to date).Using the policy bibliometric analysis,extracting policy keywords,through the co-word clustering analysis,the focus of the key construction policies at each stage is presented,and analyzing the policy characteristics of each stage,laying the foundation for the follow-up research.The main research is as follows: using the analysis paradigm of historical institutionalism to analyze the causes,path dependence and path of changes in the key construction policies of higher education in China.In structural analysis,the macro-institution such as the transformation of the economic system and the reform of the educational management system determine the orientation of the key construction policies,mesovariables such as economic development,interest-driven,and concept innovation influence key construction policies arrangement,government,universities,markets,experts and scholars as micro-actors interact with the institution to promote key construction policies practice.In historical analysis,influenced by the choice of initial institution,the cost dependence of institution change and the limitation of supporting institution,the change of the key construction policies of higher education in China shows a strong path dependence,and the key construction policies follow the path of "break-balance",generally,it presents the characteristics of gradual change,however,during the period of the "cultural revolution",1983?1991,2014?now,there have also been three fractured institutional changes.Based on the above analysis,combining the viewpoint of historical institutionalism with current reality,putting forward suggestions on improving key construction policies: firstly,standardizing policy subject relationship with top-level design;secondly,taking care of micro-action subjects with openness of procedures;thirdly,improving policy content system with supporting measures.