The Optimization Research On Preparatory Education For Minority Under The Perspective Of Policy Instruments

Ethnic preparatory education,provided by the party and the state,is a special form of schooling for the smooth transition from middle education to higher education for minority students.The policy of national preparatory education embodies the integration of national problems and educational problems.Therefore,national preparatory education has a high degree of political orientation,which is reflected in the formulation,implementation and evaluation of national preparatory education policies guided by the government's mandatory administrative instructions.Based on the close ties between the government and the ethnic preparatory training school,this paper explores how to use government policy tools to manage ethnic pre-college education by using the theory of policy tools.This paper,through literature analysis,case studies,interviews and other research methods,observes and analyzes the current situation,problems and optimization strategy of ethnic pre-college education policy tools.Firstly,starting from the essence and connotation of policy tools,policy tools are the bridge connecting the purpose and result of policy.Therefore,this paper takes two main axes to demonstrate : the original purpose of the government's policy on ethnic preparatory education and the result of the implementation of the policy by preparatory schools.Based on the classification of policy tools in the field of public policy,this paper constructs the classification framework of policy tools for the analysis of ethnic preparatory education.By comparing the fit between the characteristics of the ethnic pre-college and policy tools classification,this paper adopts Schneider(Schneider,a.)and Ingram(h.Ingram),which are based on the assumption of the audience behavior in policy,to divide the ethnic pre-college education policy tool into five categories: authoritative tool,simulative tools,capacity building,symbols and persuasive tools and learning tools.The above constitutes the writing premise and theoretical support of this paper.Secondly,through the text analysis method,this paper analyzes the relevant policy texts of the government's guidance on ethnic preparatory courses since 1978 to demonstrates the original purpose of ethnic preparatory education policies.By intercepting the key words,the paper finds the policy tool matching the policy.Consequently,this paper finds that the government's intention of managing the national preparatory education is dominated by the authoritative tool?Therefore,the national preparatory education policy text reflects a strong sense of authority.Thirdly,a case study was conducted on the ethnic preparatory training base of L university.From the point of view of the organizational structure,teaching reform,daily management of students,the mode of teacher employment,and the educational evaluation in L University,the paper analyzes the results of the implementation of the policy of ethnic preparatory education.By matching the results of policy implementation with the original intent of the Government to formulate policy,the characteristics and problems of the policy tools in practical use are summarized:(1)a strong sense of authority;(2)low visibility of policy tools;(3)imbalance between policy tools and audience demand;(4)the implementation efficiency of some policy tools needed to be improved;(5)ethnic preparatory subjects' weak consciousness of policy tool theory.Based on the above problems,this paper explores the reasons for the dilemma in the application of policy tools in ethnic preparatory education as following:(1)comprehensive model analysis of the comparison between the strength and weakness of the subsystem of national capacity and policy;(2)institutional constraints;(3)path dependence selected by the tool.Finally,under the background of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era and the concept of building a service-oriented government,in order to meet the needs of realizing the goal of educational modernization,the management of national preparatory education needs to adapt to the change of the essence of the new era and the main social contradictions.Specific improvement strategies for the optimization of policy tools of ethnic preparatory education is proposed as following four dimensions:(1)the creation of external environment;(2)the enhancement of endogenous development;(3)the execution efficiency;(4)the reinforcement of theoretical guidance.