Research On The Impact Of Participation In Global Value Chains On Employment In China's Manufacturing Industry

After decades of development,the global production division system has gradually formed a new pattern of division of labor,characterized by chain-based production across regions and countries.The academic community refers to this division of labor as the global value chain.During this period,China has been actively embedded in the global value chain with its own comparative advantages,which has enabled the economy to maintain its long-term rapid growth and has become the largest trading nation,the second largest foreign investor and the country with the highest level of participation in the global value chain.one.After successfully joining the World Trade Organization(WTO)in December 2001,the number of Chinese GVC employment increased significantly,from 165 million in 2000 to 207 million in 2007,an increase of about 25.4%.The rapid and amazing growth of China's GVC employment is absolutely inseparable from the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry.But it is worth noting that while enjoying the benefits of the global value chain division of labor,it also means that China cannot be immune to the global economic volatility.From the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007 to the European debt crisis and the Sino-US trade war in 2018,China's manufacturing industry has been greatly affected.Many coastal processing export-oriented enterprises have closed down one after another,and China's manufacturing employment has caught a cold wave.At the same time,although the degree of embeddedness of China's global value chain is deepening,the value chain status and the ability to obtain added value have not been correspondingly improved.The gradual emergence of the "low-end locking" problem has also made China's manufacturing industry very attractive to employment.limited.In addition,with the re-industrialization of developed economies such as Europe and the United States,China's manufacturing industry will also face a more severe international environment.Therefore,whether the global value chain division of labor really has a significant positive impact on China's manufacturing employment is worthy of our in-depth study and discussion.As pointed out in the report of the "Nineteenth National Congress" : the main contradiction in our society and the contradiction between the transformation of the people's growing need for a better life and the development of unbalanced supplements.In fact,the irrational structure of China's labor market has always existed: the phenomenon of employment difficulties for college students and the phenomenon of “labor shortage” in coastal areas coexist.Employment is one of the most concerned people's livelihood issues,and its steady growth is directly related to people's well-being and social stability.Therefore,how to promote employment growth while gradually narrowing the employment gap between laborers of different industries and different skill levels is an important manifestation of China's pursuit of growth rate to the pursuit of growth quality.It is to further deepen reform and opening up and give full play to participating in global value chains.The trade benefits brought about by it.The above realistic needs also provide an excellent perspective for the research of this paper--not only concerned about the overall impact of value chain embedding on manufacturing employment,but also the impact of value chain embedding on employment,especially manufacturing employment structure.From the perspective of this research,the following work has been done mainly:1.To sort out relevant scholars at home and abroad on global value chain theory and related research on the impact of global value chain division on employment,especially on manufacturing employment.The theoretical research of global value chain mainly develops from its development process and measurement methods;the influence of participation in the whole value chain division of labor on manufacturing employment mainly starts from the two aspects of total employment and structural differences.2.Calculate the employment brought about by China's participation in the global value chain division of labor.This part is divided into three parts.The first part mainly introduces the participation in the global value chain employment measurement method.This method is mainly based on the multilateral input-output model,which is different from the traditional total value trade statistics method(ie,the customs statistics method).In order to effectively avoid the "repetitive accounting" problem in trade statistics,it can also more accurately measure the real employment growth obtained by China's manufacturing industry participating in the international division of labor;the second part is the participation of Chinese manufacturing industry in the global value chain division of labor.The total employment and structure are compared with other major economies in a horizontal comparison with the development of their own;the third part is to measure the industry differences in the employment structure of China's participation in the global value chain division,mainly using the Gini coefficient and The Thai Index quantifies industry differences in China and explores the true sources of industry differences in China.3.An empirical analysis of the impact of participation in global value chains on the employment of Chinese manufacturing.After theoretical analysis of the impact of global value chain on China's employment,the author puts forward appropriate research hypotheses and establishes an empirical model.The empirical discovery that the new value-added model of global value chain has a significant positive impact on the total employment and structure of China's manufacturing industry,and the promotion of value chain status has a positive effect on high-skilled employment in manufacturing.Foreign investment has promoted the overall employment of China's manufacturing industry.However,there is no obvious benefit to the optimization of China's manufacturing employment structure.The expansion of the industry scale has greatly improved the total employment and structure of China's manufacturing industry.4.Give policy recommendations for the conclusions and empirical results.This part is mainly from the perspective of both enterprises and government.The macro-micro and the dual-pronged approach allows China to truly realize the full flow of high-end talents and the industry to move toward the high-end of the value chain,thus truly enjoying the employment effect brought by the global value chain.