Fertility Desire Of Female And Social Policy Responses From The Perspective Of Social Gender

In recent years,under the background of two-child policy,the change of fertility rate in China is a hot topic.As we all know,the long-term low fertility rate will aggravate the social problems such as the aging of the population,the decline of the total labor force and so on.They have a negative impact on economic and social development.As the main body of fertility,women directly bear the reproductive behavior.In modern society,with the continuous improvement of women's cultural level,social status and income level,their awareness of independence is gradually enhanced,and they have greater decision-making power on their marriage and fertility status.Gender is the role of men and women shaped by social and cultural factors.It determines how society treats the different roles of men and women.It is a new perspective to study fertility desire of female from the perspective of gender,and it will pay attention to the interests of female as the main body of fertility,which will help us to analyze the factors of fertility desire further.This article adopts the method of depth interview,and supplemented by a certain amount of questionnaire survey.It is based on women aged 20-40 in Hangzhou.In the survey,it was found that in terms of the number of children,fewer women would have a second child definitely,and the actual number of children was lower than the ideal number.There is no obvious preference in the sex of the children.In terms of the birth time,it is somewhat difficult for some women to complete the birth task within the ideal birth time,and the birth time tends to be later.At present,there is still a subconscious or consensus in the society that women should assume more family roles,that is,the idea of "men in charge of the outside world,women in charge of the inside" is deeply rooted,resulting in the differentiation of men's and women's roles in the society.This stereotype has not changed with the strengthening of women's professional(social)roles,so the two are in conflict.From the perspective of social gender,fertility desire of female is related to the conflict between occupational(social)role and family role.In order to stimulate fertility desire of female,tap their fertility potential and promote the realization of equality between men and women in professional and family roles,social policy should take some measures to correct gender division.Based on the social gender perspective,this article puts forward three policy suggestions,they include improving policies about employment equality,establishing of family parental leave and establishing social services policies for child care.Through the improvement,establishment and implementation of these social policies,the balance between female family roles and professional roles can be achieved,which is not only conducive to the realization of women's own development,but also conducive to the realization of female's real desire to have children.