Research On The Factors Of Female Fertility Desire Under The Impact Of The Universal Two-child Policy

The universal two-child policy was not as enthusiastic and responsive as expected after its introduced.In the past,people always wanted to give birth to a child on the sneak in case of being known by family planning department when policy was strict.Now the policy is eased much,however,women fertility desire is not as strong as expected.What factors have influence on women's choice of having two children or not is worth discussing.Under the adjustment of the birth policy,the investigation of women's fertility desire can help to understand the acceptance degree of social group to the universal two-child policy.It can also provide more realistic decision support and suggestions for the adjustment of the family planning policy in the future,which is of great significance to the long-term and balanced development of our population.The author uses the cost utility theory of Laibin Stein and the theory of Becker's quantity and quality substitution as the theoretical basis,and uses empirical research methods to investigate women of childbearing age through the design questionnaire and the interview outline.Firstly,the basic situation of the respondents was introduced from the aspects of age composition,marital status,occupation,education status,individual and family monthly income,and then from the four latitudes of the ideal child number,the ideal child sex,the ideal birth age and the ideal fertility interval,the interviewee's life was analyzed.Then we will examine the actual willingness to have two children.Secondly,we use data analysis to illustrate the factors affecting women's fertility desire in the context of the universal two-child policy,and analyze the main factors affecting women's choice of giving birth to two children or not under the new policy background,including economic,personal,working,family and social factors,and the influence of policy factors is not obvious.We will further analyze how these factors affect women.Finally,the conclusion is that the number of most women's ideal children is two,but there is a gap with the actual reproductive behavior."One man and one woman" is the most ideal child sex composition,the gender preference is weakening;the traditional concept of fertility changes,the purpose of fertility is diversified;economic factors are playing the most important role in women who don't intend to have two children;the relationship between fertility policy and fertility desire is not strong,and policy factors are weakening.At last,we put forward some measures to optimize the implementation effect of the comprehensive two child policy,so as to promote the transformation of policy influence on women and promote the development of women themselves.First of all,we should encourage family participation in strengthening the role of men in the family,and then start from the public service,improve a series of social security systems,protect the rights and interests of professional women,and enhance the capacity of public service to strengthen the construction of public facilities.