| Objective: In the context of effective two-child policy implementation for more than one year.An empirical questionnaire survey was carried out on two-child birth expectation,reproductive gender preference,reproductive purposes and other aspects among women with child-bearing age in Chongqing.To explore the fertility intention for the second child and its influencing factors,so as to reveal the trend of group reproduction concept among the child-bearing age women in Chongqing,providing references for the implementation of two-child policy and its complementary policies.Method: A self-administrated questionnaire survey was carried out among 928 child-bearing age women aged from 20 to 49 who were registered household residents of Chongqing,selected with stratified multistage probability sampling method from 6 districts or counties,12 streets or townships,24 residents' committees or village committees in Chongqing province.The Chi square test,multiple Logistic regressionanalysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were respectively used to analyze the personal and family influencing factors of two-child birth expectation and reproductive gender preference.Results: A total of 904 valid questionnaires were collected,327(36.2%)women had two-child fertility intention,while 326(36.1%)of them do not want the second child,251(27.8%)of them were unsure.The results of single factor analysis showed the statistically significant difference of two-child fertility intention in household registration type,nationalities,ages,education levels,marriage status,childbearing condition,family population,number of siblings,working pressure,family financial conditions and parenthood attitude toward their children`s two-child birth(P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression model analysis indicated that child-bearing age women`s household registration,nationalities,ages,education levels,childbearing condition,family population and parenthood attitude had significant influence on the willingness of having the second child or not(P<0.05).The results of single factor analysis showed the statistically significant difference of reproductive gender preference among women with two-child fertility desire in ages,education levels,occupation types,marriage status,childbearing condition,housing types,parenthood attitude(P<0.05).While the results of binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that only child-bearing age women`s childbearing condition had significant influence on the reproductive gender preference(P<0.05).Thetop three primary reproductive purposes for the women willing to have second child were “creating better growth environment for children”(74.3%),“enjoying the affection of children and enhancing husband and wife's emotion”(52.6%),“improving the old-age security and reducing the risk of empty nest living”(48.9%).While the“high cost of children's upbringing and educational”(55.2%),“heavy pressure from work and lack of time or energy”(38.3%),“high risk of senile birth”(35.0%)were the top three main reasons for unwilling of second child birth.Conclusion: The two-child policy has had limited positive stimulation impact on the second childbirth expectation among child-bearing age women in Chongqing.Group reproduction willingness shows a negative tendency and the gender preference of second child birth is generally weak.The influence of traditional fertility concept on reproductive motivation is obviously weakened,and the purpose of second child birth shows a tendency to diversify.The family economic restriction has become the main reason that hinders the second child birth among women in childbearing age.Accordingly,various measures should be adopted to improve the social service system for the implementation of two-child policy,including enhancing the policy publicity,implementing the reward and assistance policy,improving the maternal and child health care,strengthening the protection of women employment rights,establishing supporting system for family development.,etc. |
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